庆哈输油管道混输条件下的安全经济运行方案研究

发布时间：2018-10-18 20:14

【摘要】：庆哈输油管道新线主要承担大庆和俄罗斯混合原油的输送任务,管道全长199.73km,管径φ377×6.3mm,管中心埋深1.5m,设计年输量200~300万吨。目前,由于处于生产运行初期,新线的调度方案主要依据老线运行方案,凭调度人员的主观经验制定,但由于管道本体结构发生较大改变,导致所制定的方案难以适应新线的管输特性,管输能耗大幅度升高。因此,有必要针对庆哈输油管道新线的实际运行工艺特点,对管道的生产运行方案进行优化,从而降低输油管道的运行能耗、减少管道运营成本,具体开展了以下研究工作:首先,对大庆和俄罗斯混合原油的凝点和粘度等基础物性参数进行测试,在此基础上,运用反算-插值法确定管道全线各管段在全年不同月份下的总传热系数,由此可使管道各管段温降计算的平均相对误差控制在5%以内。根据管道实际运行数据,对管输过程的Re范围进行统计,建立了管道水力摩阻系数修正模型,通过修正可使管道各段水力计算的平均误差分别由17.46%降低到5.7%,26.23%降低到8.6%,22.51%降低到6.3%。其次,以管道出站温度的最高限定值和进站温度最低限定值为临界条件,对庆-俄油混合输送条件下庆哈输油管道全年不同月份的热力最小安全输量进行计算;考虑管道实际水力特性,以避免进入不稳定工作区为判别标准,计算得到管道工作特性允许的最小安全输量。综合考虑两者,确定了庆哈输油管道输送不同比例混合原油时全年不同月份的最小安全输量。以庆哈输油管道全线各站的总能耗费用最小为目标,管道任务输量、输油泵和加热炉等设备的工作特性及管道安全输油温度、压力界限为约束条件,以一定调度时间内不同比例混合原油的输油时间和输量、输油泵、加热炉等设备的组合方案和输油温度、压力等为决策变量,建立了庆哈输油管道生产运行方案优化数学建模,综合运用蚁群算法,罚函数法等对优化模型进行求解。最后,基于Visual Studio程序开发平台,Microsoft Access数据库开发工具,在理论研究的基础上,编制了庆哈输油管道安全经济运行方案辅助决策软件。应用该软件给出了全年不同季节、不同输量下庆哈输油管道的优化运行方案。
[Abstract]:The new line of Qinghai-Kazakh oil pipeline is mainly responsible for the transportation of crude oil mixed with Daqing and Russia. The pipeline is 199.73km in length, 蠁 377 脳 6.3mm in diameter, 1.5 m deep in the pipe center, and the designed annual transportation capacity is 200 ~ 3 million tons. At present, due to being in the early stage of production, the scheduling scheme of the new line is mainly based on the operation plan of the old line and is made by the subjective experience of the dispatcher, but the structure of the pipeline body has changed greatly. As a result, the proposed scheme is difficult to adapt to the pipeline characteristics of the new line, and the energy consumption of the pipeline is greatly increased. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the production and operation of the pipeline according to the actual operation process characteristics of the new line of Qinghai-Harbin oil pipeline, so as to reduce the energy consumption and the operating cost of the pipeline. The following research work has been carried out: firstly, the basic physical property parameters such as freezing point and viscosity of Daqing and Russian mixed crude oil have been tested, and on this basis, By using inverse calculation and interpolation method, the total heat transfer coefficient of each section of pipeline in different months of the year can be determined, thus the average relative error of temperature drop calculation for each section of pipeline can be controlled within 5%. According to the actual operation data of pipeline, the Re range of pipeline transportation process is counted, and the revised model of hydraulic friction coefficient of pipeline is established. The average error of hydraulic calculation in each section of pipeline can be reduced from 17.46% to 5.7% 26.23% to 8.6% 22.51% to 6.3% respectively. Secondly, taking the maximum limit value of outlet temperature and the lowest limit value of incoming station temperature as the critical condition, the minimum safe thermal transport quantity of Qinggha oil pipeline in different months of the year is calculated under the condition of mixed transportation of Qinghua-Russia oil. Considering the actual hydraulic characteristics of the pipeline and avoiding entering the unstable work area as the criterion, the minimum safe quantity of pipeline working characteristics is calculated. Considering the two factors, the minimum safe quantity of crude oil transported by Qinghai-Kazakh oil pipeline in different months of the year is determined. Taking the minimum total energy consumption cost of all stations of Qinghai-Harbin oil pipeline as the target, the pipeline task capacity, the working characteristics of the equipment such as oil pump and heating furnace, and the safe oil transportation temperature and pressure limit of the pipeline are taken as the constraint conditions. Taking the oil transportation time and quantity of mixed crude oil of different proportion, the combination scheme of oil transportation pump, heating furnace and oil transportation temperature and pressure as decision variables, the optimal mathematical model of production and operation plan of Qingha oil pipeline is established. Ant colony algorithm and penalty function are used to solve the optimization model. Finally, based on the Visual Studio programming platform, Microsoft Access database development tool, based on the theoretical research, the auxiliary decision software for the safe and economic operation scheme of Qinghai-Harbin oil pipeline is developed. By using this software, the optimal operation scheme of Qingha oil pipeline in different seasons and different volumes is given.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE88

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