煤层气不压井小修作业工艺及关键设备研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 08:23

【摘要】：本学位论文结合国家科技重大专项“柳林示范区煤层气井高效排采工艺技术研究”(编号:2011ZX05062-004)课题和国家自然科学基金(51174224),针对目前煤层气井小修作业中存在的问题,结合煤层气储层和排采工艺要求,设计了适用于煤层气生产的小修不压井作业工艺,给出了关键设备的设计,完善了煤层气排采工艺与装备。首先介绍了国内外油气田用不压井修井作业的工艺和设备现状以及煤层气储层特征和作业要求,给出了不能直接将油气田用不压井修井设备移植到煤层气井的原因;提出了煤层气不压井小修作业技术,该技术可在不压井、不放空的前提下,快速高效地完成小修作业,有利于煤层气井作业后的产能恢复和稳产高产。接着对煤层气不压井小修作业系统的整体方案进行了设计,并详细介绍了其工作原理,完成了煤层气不压井小修作业工艺的设计,该工艺的核心是采用气胎式环形防喷器保证管柱密封,避免了压井或放空对煤层气井的伤害,同时可实现油管接箍的直接通过,作业效率高,作业后煤层气井产能恢复好。为完成上述作业要求,创新性地提出了气胎式环形防喷器的结构方案,该防喷器采用气体作为控制防喷器开闭的动力,利用气体的可压缩性实现管柱接箍的直接通过,可以显著地提升防喷器的密封性能和通过性;确定了防喷器的最大工作压力、通径、胶芯的抱紧力以及油管起下过程中的平衡点;对防喷器的核心零部件进行了结构设计和校核,计算表明,气胎式环形防喷器的各核心部件均能满足作业要求。为了完成作业,对强行起下装置的起下液压缸和游动卡瓦进行了方案和结构设计,完成了相应的设计和校核计算;根据起下油缸和游动卡瓦的作业要求,设计了强行起下装置的液压控制回路;对煤层气不压井作业系统进行了完善,并根据煤层气小修作业工艺流程,对煤层气不压井小修作业系统进行了作业效率评估。结果表明煤层气不压井小修系统可在规定时间内完成作业,其作业效率可达到作业要求。本文提出的煤层气不压井小修作业工艺及作业装置,可以在不压井不放空的前提下,使用小型修井车快速完成不压井小修作业,解决目前煤层气小修作业伤害储层、效率低等问题,这对于提升煤层气的开发效益,促进煤层气的商业化开发,意义重大。
[Abstract]:This dissertation is based on the national science and technology major project "study of coal bed methane well extraction technology in Liulin demonstration area" (No.: 2011ZX05062-004) and the National Natural Science Foundation (51174224), aiming at the problems existing in the small repair operation of coal bed methane well at present. According to the requirements of coalbed methane reservoir and production process, the paper designs a little workover and no well killing operation technology suitable for coal bed methane production, and gives the design of key equipment and consummates the coal bed methane production technology and equipment. This paper first introduces the process and equipment status of the workover operation in oil and gas fields at home and abroad, as well as the characteristics and operation requirements of coalbed gas reservoirs, and gives the reasons why the oil and gas fields can not be directly transplanted to coalbed gas wells by non-well killing workover equipment. This paper puts forward the small repair operation technology of coal bed methane without killing wells. The technology can quickly and efficiently finish the minor repair work without well killing and emptying, which is beneficial to the recovery of productivity and stable production and high yield after the operation of coalbed methane wells. Then, the overall scheme of the system is designed, and the working principle of the system is introduced in detail, and the design of the small repair operation process of the coal bed methane without killing well is completed. The core of this process is to use gas tube annular blowout preventer to ensure pipe string seal and avoid damage to coalbed gas well caused by well killing or emptying. At the same time, direct passage of tubing coupling can be realized, operation efficiency is high, and productivity recovery of coalbed gas well after operation is good. In order to fulfill the above operational requirements, a new structure scheme of gas tube ring blowout preventer is proposed, which adopts gas as the power to control the opening and closing of the blowout preventer, and realizes the direct passage of pipe string coupling by using the compressibility of gas. It can significantly improve the sealing performance and transmissivity of BOP, and determine the maximum working pressure, path diameter, clasp force of rubber core and the balance point in the process of tubing up and down. The structural design and verification of the core parts of the BOP are carried out. The calculation results show that the core components of the gas tube ring BOP can meet the operational requirements. In order to complete the work, the scheme and structure design of the starting and unloading hydraulic cylinder and the swimming sliver of the forced lifting device are carried out, and the corresponding design and checking calculation are completed, and according to the operation requirements of the starting and unloading cylinder and the swimming sliver, The hydraulic control circuit of the forced hoisting device is designed, and the operation system of coal bed methane without killing well is improved, and the working efficiency of the system is evaluated according to the technical process of coal bed methane minor repair. The results show that the small repair system of coal bed methane can finish the work within the specified time, and its working efficiency can meet the operational requirements. In this paper, the operation technology and operation device of coal bed gas without killing well can be quickly completed by using a small workover car to solve the damage to the reservoir caused by the small repair operation of coal bed gas. The problem of low efficiency is of great significance to promote the development benefit of CBM and to promote the commercial exploitation of CBM.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE37

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