爆炸载荷作用下大型原油储罐动力响应研究

发布时间：2018-10-20 10:06

【摘要】：原油具有易燃、易爆等危险性,在其储罐周围发生泄漏、火灾、爆炸,或雷电等极易对储罐安全产生影响。众多事故中,爆炸产生的碎片是造成连锁爆炸的主要原因之一。储罐一旦发生爆炸,爆炸碎片将以直接破坏形式作用于爆炸点的周围储罐,爆炸碎片承载的爆炸载荷往往较大,因此造成非常严重的后果,甚至大于初始事故后果的严重性。因此本文将针对碎片撞击储罐这一过程的动力响应进行分析研究。为了探索确保储罐及周围设备设施安全的途径,本文结合储罐结构的特点,采用大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对爆炸产生的碎片撞击储罐这一过程进行数值模拟和爆炸动力响应分析,进而进行安全评价。本文根据储罐的基本组成,建立了储罐响应的动力学模型,分析了储罐响应的主要因素,然后实现了碎片撞击储罐的有限元模拟,并通过与实验数据和经验公式进行对比,对建立的碎片撞击储罐有限元模型的可靠性进行了验证。得出本文建立的储罐有限元模型可以很好地模拟碎片撞击储罐的动力响应过程。通过依次改变碎片撞击速度、撞击横截面面积、碎片质量、撞击入射角度并展开模拟,定量的分析了这些因素对碎片撞击储罐的动力响应影响。结果表明,碎片撞击速度、碎片质量、撞击入射角度与储罐稳定性正相关,而撞击横截面面积与之负相关。如撞击速度在40-110m/s范围内,速度每增加10m/s,X轴向位移增加10mm左右,X轴向加速度最大值增加3m/s2左右,X轴向速度最大值增加2m/s左右,撞击时间缩小0.001s左右。根据模拟结果对爆炸载荷作用下的大型原油储罐失效预防方法进行了研究,在爆炸预防、安全防护、日常管理、应急救援等方面提出预防对策措施,创新性的提出通过改变管壁材料或厚度以减少碎片撞击储罐的响应,为储罐设计、安全防护措施的设置提出有效合理建议。
[Abstract]:Crude oil is flammable, explosive and so on. Leakage, fire, explosion, lightning and so on can easily affect the safety of storage tank. Among many accidents, the debris produced by the explosion is one of the main causes of the chain explosion. Once the tank explodes, the explosion debris will act on the storage tank around the explosion site in the form of direct destruction. The explosion debris usually carries a large explosion load, which results in very serious consequences, even greater than the severity of the initial accident consequences. Therefore, the dynamic response of the process of debris impact on the tank will be analyzed and studied in this paper. In order to explore the ways to ensure the safety of storage tank and its surrounding facilities, this paper combines the characteristics of storage tank structure, The large scale finite element analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA is used to simulate the process of debris impact on the tank, and the dynamic response of explosion is analyzed, and the safety evaluation is carried out. According to the basic composition of the tank, this paper establishes the dynamic model of the tank response, analyzes the main factors of the tank response, and then realizes the finite element simulation of the impact of debris on the tank, and compares it with the experimental data and empirical formula. The reliability of the finite element model of debris impact tank is verified. The finite element model of the tank established in this paper can well simulate the dynamic response process of debris impacting the tank. By changing the debris impact velocity, impact cross section area, debris mass, impact incident angle and simulation in turn, the effects of these factors on the dynamic response of debris impact tank are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the impact velocity, debris mass and incident angle are positively correlated with the tank stability, while the impact cross section area is negatively correlated with the impact velocity. If the impact velocity is in the range of 40-110m/s, when the velocity increases by 10 m / s, the axial displacement increases about 10mm, the maximum X axial acceleration increases about 3m/s2, the maximum X axial velocity increases about 2m/s, and the impact time decreases by 0.001s. According to the simulation results, the failure prevention methods of large crude oil storage tanks under explosion load are studied, and the preventive countermeasures are put forward in the aspects of explosion prevention, safety protection, daily management, emergency rescue and so on. Innovative suggestions are put forward to reduce the response of debris impact on the tank by changing the material or thickness of the pipe wall, and to provide effective and reasonable suggestions for the design of the tank and the setting of safety protection measures.
【学位授予单位】：大连交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE972

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