码头原油油气回收吸收法的技术研究

发布时间：2018-10-22 13:58

【摘要】：在国内外低油价的刺激下,我国的原油进口量迎来了自2010年以来的最大增幅。面对日益庞大的原油进口量,随之相应的便是在油品运输装卸过程中产生的大量油品蒸发损耗量。在码头原油全年不断地收发过程中,会有一大部分油气不可避免地逸散到空气中。这些油气不仅会威胁到员工的身心健康,给企业造成经济损耗,同时也会严重污染环境,因此,开展码头原油油气回收工作对保障油品储运行业节能高效发展有着重要的现实意义。本文以中化兴中石油转运(舟山)有限公司的码头原油油气挥发为背景,采取吸收法作为码头原油油气的回收方法,借助实验和软件模拟,得到了以下结论及成果:(1)搭建油气回收吸收法的实验平台,从以下三个方面进行了试验研究,分别是:吸收剂的种类,吸收液的喷淋量和油气吸收温度。实验结果发现:首先,当硅油作为原油油气的吸收剂时,油气回收的效率相对较高,此时的回收效率为E=91.67%。其次,回收效率在一定范围内随着温度的升高而缓慢增加,当吸收温度在15℃左右时,此时的吸收效率最高;当吸收温度超过30℃之后,回收效率急剧降低。另外,吸收液的喷淋量对吸收塔吸收效果的影响也较大,喷淋量在一定范围内越大,吸收的效果也越好,特别是在2-6L/h的范围内变化时,回收效率的变化更加明显。(2)本文运用响应面优化法,借助Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计原理对实验中所测数据进行优化分析。本实验共设计17组独立实验,选取X1,X2和X3三个自变量作为响应面试验的因素,以油气回收效率为响应值(Y)。各因素经回归拟合后,在X1=15,X2=10,X3=1时,即在油气吸收温度为15℃,吸收液喷淋量为10L/h,选用硅油作为吸收剂时,油气回收效率取得理论最大值。最终,根据响应面和等高线图,得到以下结论:影响油气回收效率的因素大小排序为:因素A(吸收剂的种类)B因素(吸收液的喷淋量)C因素(原油油气温度)。(3)为验证实验结果的准确性,利用化工过程模拟软件Aspen Plus对吸收法的油气挥发过程进行了模拟。通过设置与实验相同的参数,计算得出该油气吸收工艺过程的油气处理效率为E=(1-0.0835)×100%=91.65%,数据与实验结果基本吻合。
[Abstract]:Under the stimulation of low oil prices at home and abroad, China's crude oil imports have witnessed the largest increase since 2010. In the face of the increasing import of crude oil, the evaporation loss of a large amount of oil is produced in the course of oil transportation and loading and unloading. A great deal of oil and gas inevitably dissipates into the air throughout the year. These hydrocarbons will not only threaten the physical and mental health of employees, cause economic losses to enterprises, but also seriously pollute the environment. It is of great practical significance to carry out oil and gas recovery in wharf to ensure energy saving and efficient development of oil storage and transportation industry. Based on the volatilization of crude oil and gas in the terminal of Sinochem Xinxing PetroChina (Zhoushan) Co., Ltd., the absorption method is adopted as the recovery method of crude oil and gas at the wharf, with the aid of experiment and software simulation. The following conclusions and achievements are obtained: (1) the experimental platform of oil and gas recovery and absorption method is built, and the experimental research is carried out from the following three aspects: the type of absorbent, the spray amount of absorbent and the absorption temperature of oil and gas. The experimental results show that: firstly, when silicone oil is used as absorbent of crude oil and gas, the recovery efficiency of oil and gas is relatively high, and the recovery efficiency is 91.67. Secondly, the recovery efficiency increases slowly with the increase of temperature in a certain range. When the absorption temperature is about 15 鈩，

本文编号：2287344