天然气储罐泄漏扩散危险性分析及数值模拟
发布时间：2018-10-29 11:19
【摘要】：天然气目前已经广泛用于居民的生活当中,其储存的安全性也日益成为关注的焦点,对天然气泄漏事故进行理论分析和数值模拟研究,可以掌握其扩散过程、规律和危害范围,为消防减灾提供一些指导依据。本文主要运用理论分析和数值模拟结合的方法进行分析,理论上分析了储罐区的危险性,并利用道化学指数评价法进行储罐区安全评价,分析可能存在的事故以及事故的影响因素,结合实际情况,确定相关参数,利用高斯烟羽模型计算出不同泄漏孔径下的天然气危害范围;文章根据分析出的影响因素,采用FLACS软件模拟对比不同泄漏速率、不同温度和不同风速情况下,得出天然气储罐泄漏扩散的变化情况以及天然气泄漏扩散的完整过程,选定事故场景,得出泄漏扩散的危害范围和爆炸超压的变化,并针对特定场景提供应急处置方案。文章根据天然气的理化性质进行危险性分析危险源辨识,确定该储罐区已构成重大危险源,运用火灾、爆炸危险指数法对储罐区进行安全评价,得出储罐区发生灾害后的后果,计算得出储罐区的危害半径为54.8m,危害面积为9439.5m2。分析影响泄漏扩散的因素,并根据实际情况,选取长方形泄漏孔,泄漏位置为罐底H=2.5m处,根据大气稳定度选定扩散系数,代入高斯烟羽模型,得到在泄漏孔径为101mm、80mm和20mm时,最大危害距离分别为15m、9m和5m。软件模拟得出不同时刻天然气泄漏的状态,分析出天然气扩散过程主要包括紊流喷射、浮力上升和湍流扩散。以天然气爆炸下限5%作为危险边界,在典型气象条件下,气体危害区域最高可达56m,在风向方向,逆风方向最大可达7.5m,顺风方向最大可达46.5m,危险面积为1591m2,同时得到整个空间的危害体积为40462m3;在夏季气象条件下,气体危害区域最高可达34m,危险面积为949m2,同时得到整个空间的危害体积为18997m3;在冬季条件下,云团宽度最大值为30m,最长长度为28m,顺风方向15m,逆风方向13m,气体危害区域最高可达38m,最大危害体积为26847m3。通过在不同时间和不同地点进行点火,得到超压低于储罐的工作压力1Mpa,同时低于可对人体造成伤害的lOOKpa,在该模拟条件下,不会引起周围储罐破裂,从而引起更大的事故。
[Abstract]:At present, natural gas has been widely used in the daily life of residents, and the safety of its storage has increasingly become the focus of attention. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation study on natural gas leakage accidents can master its diffusion process, laws and harm scope. To provide some guidance for fire prevention and disaster reduction. In this paper, the method of combining theoretical analysis with numerical simulation is used to analyze the danger of tank area, and the method of chemical index evaluation is used to evaluate the safety of tank area. Based on the analysis of the possible accidents and the influencing factors of the accidents, combined with the actual situation, the relevant parameters are determined, and the harm range of natural gas under different leakage aperture is calculated by using Gao Si smoke plume model. According to the analysis of the influencing factors, the paper uses FLACS software to simulate and compare the different leakage rate, different temperature and different wind speed, and obtains the variation of the leakage diffusion of natural gas storage tank and the complete process of natural gas leakage diffusion. The damage range of leakage and diffusion and the change of explosion overpressure are obtained by selecting the accident scene, and the emergency treatment scheme is provided for the specific scenario. According to the physical and chemical properties of natural gas, hazard analysis hazard source identification is carried out in this paper, and it is determined that the tank area has already constituted a major hazard source. The fire and explosion hazard index method is used to evaluate the safety of the tank area, and the consequences of the disaster in the tank area are obtained. The calculated results show that the damage radius of the tank area is 54.8 m and the damage area is 9439.5 m ~ 2. The factors affecting leakage diffusion are analyzed. According to the actual situation, the rectangular leak hole is selected, the leakage location is at 2.5 m at the bottom of the tank, the diffusion coefficient is selected according to the atmospheric stability, and Gao Si's smoke plume model is added to the model, and the leakage aperture is 101 mm. The maximum harm distances of 80mm and 20mm were 15m and 5m, respectively. The state of natural gas leakage at different times is obtained by software simulation. It is analyzed that the diffusion process of natural gas mainly includes turbulent jet buoyancy rising and turbulent diffusion. Taking the lower limit of natural gas explosion as the dangerous boundary, under typical meteorological conditions, the maximum hazardous area of gas can be up to 56m, in the wind direction, the upwind direction is 7.5m, the maximum downwind direction is 46.5m, and the dangerous area is 1591m2. At the same time, the damage volume of the whole space is 40462m3; Under the weather condition in summer, the maximum gas hazard area is 34m, and the dangerous area is 949m2.At the same time, the damage volume of the whole space is 18997m3. Under winter conditions, the maximum width of cloud cluster is 30m, the longest length is 28m, the direction of downwind is 15m, the direction of counterwind is 13m, the maximum area of gas damage is 38m, and the maximum harm volume is 26847m3. By igniting fire at different time and place, the working pressure of overpressure is lower than that of storage tank (1MPA), and the working pressure is lower than that of lOOKpa, which can cause harm to human body. Under this simulated condition, the tank around the tank will not break down, thus causing more accidents.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE88
本文编号：2297550
[Abstract]:At present, natural gas has been widely used in the daily life of residents, and the safety of its storage has increasingly become the focus of attention. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation study on natural gas leakage accidents can master its diffusion process, laws and harm scope. To provide some guidance for fire prevention and disaster reduction. In this paper, the method of combining theoretical analysis with numerical simulation is used to analyze the danger of tank area, and the method of chemical index evaluation is used to evaluate the safety of tank area. Based on the analysis of the possible accidents and the influencing factors of the accidents, combined with the actual situation, the relevant parameters are determined, and the harm range of natural gas under different leakage aperture is calculated by using Gao Si smoke plume model. According to the analysis of the influencing factors, the paper uses FLACS software to simulate and compare the different leakage rate, different temperature and different wind speed, and obtains the variation of the leakage diffusion of natural gas storage tank and the complete process of natural gas leakage diffusion. The damage range of leakage and diffusion and the change of explosion overpressure are obtained by selecting the accident scene, and the emergency treatment scheme is provided for the specific scenario. According to the physical and chemical properties of natural gas, hazard analysis hazard source identification is carried out in this paper, and it is determined that the tank area has already constituted a major hazard source. The fire and explosion hazard index method is used to evaluate the safety of the tank area, and the consequences of the disaster in the tank area are obtained. The calculated results show that the damage radius of the tank area is 54.8 m and the damage area is 9439.5 m ~ 2. The factors affecting leakage diffusion are analyzed. According to the actual situation, the rectangular leak hole is selected, the leakage location is at 2.5 m at the bottom of the tank, the diffusion coefficient is selected according to the atmospheric stability, and Gao Si's smoke plume model is added to the model, and the leakage aperture is 101 mm. The maximum harm distances of 80mm and 20mm were 15m and 5m, respectively. The state of natural gas leakage at different times is obtained by software simulation. It is analyzed that the diffusion process of natural gas mainly includes turbulent jet buoyancy rising and turbulent diffusion. Taking the lower limit of natural gas explosion as the dangerous boundary, under typical meteorological conditions, the maximum hazardous area of gas can be up to 56m, in the wind direction, the upwind direction is 7.5m, the maximum downwind direction is 46.5m, and the dangerous area is 1591m2. At the same time, the damage volume of the whole space is 40462m3; Under the weather condition in summer, the maximum gas hazard area is 34m, and the dangerous area is 949m2.At the same time, the damage volume of the whole space is 18997m3. Under winter conditions, the maximum width of cloud cluster is 30m, the longest length is 28m, the direction of downwind is 15m, the direction of counterwind is 13m, the maximum area of gas damage is 38m, and the maximum harm volume is 26847m3. By igniting fire at different time and place, the working pressure of overpressure is lower than that of storage tank (1MPA), and the working pressure is lower than that of lOOKpa, which can cause harm to human body. Under this simulated condition, the tank around the tank will not break down, thus causing more accidents.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE88
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