水平井泵送射孔技术研究

发布时间：2018-11-05 10:27

【摘要】：水平井技术广泛应用于致密气藏、页岩气藏等非常规气藏的开发中，开发过程中为提高单井产量需采取水力压裂措施，且需要有效的层段分隔射孔技术。因此，这类水平井一般采用射孔完井方式。完井过程中通常采用油管传输定向射孔技术，该技术具有井下工具复杂、作业时间长、射孔费用高的缺点，针对这些不足，现场主要采用泵送桥塞射孔技术。在泵送过程中合理的施工参数能简化射孔操作、缩短作业时间，同时对保护储层和提高经济效益有重要意义。本文针对泵送射孔中施工参数的确定问题，开展水平井泵送射孔技术研究。本文分析了枪串的受力状况，，并结合力学平衡原理，建立了枪串下放重量控制模型；同时建立了枪串在造斜段、水平段的泵送排量计算模型；采用理论解析法，分析施工过程中各个参数对泵送排量的影响；基于渗流力学理论，采用郎兆新模型，建立泵送射孔井底压力计算方法，确定泵送射孔压力施工参数。研究表明：泵送排量是关于枪串推进速度的一次函数；随着造斜段电缆下放速度、泵入深度、井斜角、枪重的增大，泵注排量逐渐增大；浮力、摩阻系数、泵送液密度、冲击力计算方式和枪重是影响水平段泵注排量的主要因素，电缆头、枪串倾斜和桥塞工具的影响在计算排量大小时可忽略不计。现场应用表明，所建模型满足现场需要，可为施工提供理论保障，能有效的预防电缆脱落、崩断事故；还能缩短施工时间、降低施工费用；同时对降低页岩气的开发成本、提高经济效益有重要意义。本文研究成果对于稠油油藏、非常规油气藏等水平井射孔具有普遍指导意义。
[Abstract]:Horizontal well technology is widely used in the development of tight gas reservoirs, shale gas reservoirs and other unconventional gas reservoirs. In order to improve the production of single well, hydraulic fracturing measures are needed during the development process, and effective interval separation perforation technology is needed. Therefore, such horizontal wells are generally perforated and completed. The tubing transmission directional perforation technology is usually used in the completion process, which has the disadvantages of complicated downhole tools, long working time and high perforation cost. In view of these shortcomings, pumping bridge plug perforation technology is mainly used in the field. Reasonable construction parameters in pumping process can simplify perforation operation, shorten operation time, and have important significance for protecting reservoir and improving economic benefit at the same time. In this paper, aiming at the determination of construction parameters in pumping perforation, the research of pumping perforation technology in horizontal well is carried out. In this paper, the force condition of gun string is analyzed, and combined with the principle of mechanical balance, the weight control model of lower gun string is established, and the calculation model of pumping displacement of gun string in the diagonal section and horizontal section is established. Based on the theory of seepage mechanics and Lang Zhaoxin model, the calculation method of bottom pressure of pumping perforating hole is established to determine the construction parameters of pumping perforation pressure. The results show that the pumping displacement is a function of the speed of gun string propulsion, and the pump displacement increases gradually with the increase of the speed of cable down, the depth of pumping, the angle of well and the weight of gun. Buoyancy, friction coefficient, density of pumping fluid, calculation method of impact force and gun weight are the main factors affecting the displacement of horizontal pump. The influence of cable head, gun string tilt and bridge plug tool can be ignored in calculating displacement. The field application shows that the model can meet the needs of the site, can provide theoretical guarantee for construction, can effectively prevent cable breakage and breakage, can also shorten the construction time and reduce the construction cost. At the same time, it is of great significance to reduce the development cost of shale gas and improve economic benefits. The research results in this paper are of general significance for the perforation of horizontal wells such as heavy oil reservoirs and unconventional reservoirs.
【学位授予单位】：重庆科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE257.1

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