深海钻井气侵检测装置硬件设计
发布时间：2018-11-07 20:01
【摘要】：深海石油钻井过程中非常关心的一个问题是早期气侵检测,也就是提前检测出气侵发生,如果发现较晚,就会发生难以控制的井喷事件,造成不可估量的生命和财产损失。早期气侵检测的传统方法使用钻井液增量或者井涌压力变化等作为气侵发生指示器,但是这些方法的检测结果太过粗糙,也不可靠。而对于造价昂贵的离岸深海钻井来说,其先进的井控技术却需要更可靠的早期气侵检测结果才能在气侵发生时采取最优的井控措施。与传统方法不同,本课题提出的超声波气侵检测方法在检测灵敏度、反应速度、成本和安装难易方面具有自身优势。超声波气侵检测方法的理论依据是利用超声波在钻井液传播过程中会对上升运动的气泡产生反射而形成的的多普勒效应,这种效应的强度与上升运动气泡的大小和数量即气侵程度有直接关系,最终也会反映在信号的幅值特征上。本课题研究的重点是依据超声波多普勒原理设计出一套深海气侵检测装置。首先,本文对气侵研究的现状进行总结,了解目前一些气侵研究方法及早期气侵检测发展的趋势。接下来,分别从超声波气侵检测原理、深海工作方案设计、传感器特性、装置机械设计以及检测装置硬件设计几个方面展开讨论。硬件设计是本文的重点,包括硬件电路设计和驱动程序设计。硬件电路设计从功能的角度可分为三个部分:超声波激励信号产生、回波接收、系统控制和信号处理,设计过程中,检测装置工作稳定性、控制灵活性以及工作效能等被充分考虑,保证检测装置长时间稳定地在深海工作。硬件驱动程序设计是硬件电路功能的延伸,包括增益控制、信号采集、数据处理和通信等几个方面,目的是使系统控制更加灵活、工作更加自主、适应能力更强。在硬件调试和实验部分,分别测试了检测装置的主要电子性能和实施了模拟深海气侵过程甲烷溶解与析出试验,结果表明检测装置的软硬件配合能使其稳定地工作,整个检测系统对气侵发生的过程变化反应敏感,并能一定程度上表征管道内的气侵程度。最后,对课题工作进行总结,并对课题研究的一些不足和下一阶段的工作进行展望,以期使气侵检测装置完全满足深海钻井早期气侵检测的要求。
[Abstract]:In the process of deep sea oil drilling, one of the most important problems is the early detection of gas invasion, that is, early detection of gas invasion. If it is found late, there will be an uncontrollable blowout event, resulting in incalculable loss of life and property. The traditional methods of early gas invasion detection use drilling fluid increment or wellbore pressure change as indicators of gas invasion, but the results of these methods are too rough and unreliable. For the expensive offshore deep-sea drilling, its advanced well control technology needs more reliable early gas invasion detection results in order to take the best well control measures when the gas invasion occurs. Different from the traditional methods, the ultrasonic gas invasion detection method proposed in this paper has its own advantages in detection sensitivity, reaction speed, cost and easy installation. The theory of ultrasonic gas invasion detection method is based on the Doppler effect, which is formed by the reflection of the rising bubble by ultrasonic wave in the process of drilling fluid propagation. The intensity of this effect is directly related to the size and quantity of the rising bubble, that is, the degree of gas invasion, and will eventually be reflected in the amplitude characteristics of the signal. The focus of this research is to design a set of deep-sea gas invasion detection device based on ultrasonic Doppler principle. Firstly, the current situation of gas invasion research is summarized, and some methods of gas invasion research and the development trend of early gas invasion detection are understood. Then, the principle of ultrasonic gas invasion detection, the design of deep-sea work scheme, the characteristics of sensors, the design of the device machinery and the hardware design of the detection device are discussed respectively. Hardware design is the focus of this paper, including hardware circuit design and driver design. Hardware circuit design can be divided into three parts from the point of view of function: ultrasonic excitation signal generation, echo receiving, system control and signal processing. The control flexibility and working efficiency are fully considered to ensure the detection device to work in the deep sea for a long time and stably. The design of hardware driver is an extension of the function of hardware circuit, including gain control, signal acquisition, data processing and communication, etc. The purpose of the design is to make the system more flexible, more autonomous and more adaptable. In the part of hardware debugging and experiment, the main electronic properties of the detection device and the methane dissolution and precipitation test of simulated deep-sea gas invasion process are tested, respectively. The results show that the combination of software and hardware of the detection device can make it work stably. The whole detection system is sensitive to the change of gas invasion and can represent the degree of gas invasion in the pipeline to some extent. Finally, the research work is summarized, and some shortcomings of the research and the next stage of the work are prospected, in order to make the gas invasion detection device fully meet the requirements of the early stage of deep-sea drilling gas invasion detection.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE951
本文编号：2317424
[Abstract]:In the process of deep sea oil drilling, one of the most important problems is the early detection of gas invasion, that is, early detection of gas invasion. If it is found late, there will be an uncontrollable blowout event, resulting in incalculable loss of life and property. The traditional methods of early gas invasion detection use drilling fluid increment or wellbore pressure change as indicators of gas invasion, but the results of these methods are too rough and unreliable. For the expensive offshore deep-sea drilling, its advanced well control technology needs more reliable early gas invasion detection results in order to take the best well control measures when the gas invasion occurs. Different from the traditional methods, the ultrasonic gas invasion detection method proposed in this paper has its own advantages in detection sensitivity, reaction speed, cost and easy installation. The theory of ultrasonic gas invasion detection method is based on the Doppler effect, which is formed by the reflection of the rising bubble by ultrasonic wave in the process of drilling fluid propagation. The intensity of this effect is directly related to the size and quantity of the rising bubble, that is, the degree of gas invasion, and will eventually be reflected in the amplitude characteristics of the signal. The focus of this research is to design a set of deep-sea gas invasion detection device based on ultrasonic Doppler principle. Firstly, the current situation of gas invasion research is summarized, and some methods of gas invasion research and the development trend of early gas invasion detection are understood. Then, the principle of ultrasonic gas invasion detection, the design of deep-sea work scheme, the characteristics of sensors, the design of the device machinery and the hardware design of the detection device are discussed respectively. Hardware design is the focus of this paper, including hardware circuit design and driver design. Hardware circuit design can be divided into three parts from the point of view of function: ultrasonic excitation signal generation, echo receiving, system control and signal processing. The control flexibility and working efficiency are fully considered to ensure the detection device to work in the deep sea for a long time and stably. The design of hardware driver is an extension of the function of hardware circuit, including gain control, signal acquisition, data processing and communication, etc. The purpose of the design is to make the system more flexible, more autonomous and more adaptable. In the part of hardware debugging and experiment, the main electronic properties of the detection device and the methane dissolution and precipitation test of simulated deep-sea gas invasion process are tested, respectively. The results show that the combination of software and hardware of the detection device can make it work stably. The whole detection system is sensitive to the change of gas invasion and can represent the degree of gas invasion in the pipeline to some extent. Finally, the research work is summarized, and some shortcomings of the research and the next stage of the work are prospected, in order to make the gas invasion detection device fully meet the requirements of the early stage of deep-sea drilling gas invasion detection.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE951
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 申银;水声通信发射模块设计[D];电子科技大学;2018年
，本文编号：2317424
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/shiyounenyuanlunwen/2317424.html
