管道泄漏部位受力研究与光纤光栅传感器的应用
发布时间：2018-11-20 21:06
【摘要】：近年来,管道泄漏事故的频繁发生对管道泄漏监测技术提出了新的要求,一是要提高定位精度;二是不遗漏小泄漏信号;三是要求投资少,具有经济性。这就需要详细分析管道的受力状况,确定应力容易集中受损的部位,合理布设传感器,降低成本,提高监测效率。本文主要是通过对长距离输油管道易损部位的研究,解决光纤光栅传感器的合理布设问题。利用ANSYS大型有限元分析软件,通过编写子程序,采用高斯移动热源,模拟了管道焊缝的焊接和冷却过程,研究发现焊件冷却后在焊缝位置残余应力达到最大。依据材料力学和弹塑性力学理论,建立了理想弯头在内压载荷作用下的轴向应力和环向应力模型。运用ANSYS和FLUENT软件分别对理想弯头和椭圆弯头在内压载荷和流体介质载荷作用下的受力情况进行了分析,对比发现,实际应用中弯头的最大应力位置偏向于弯头中性线处。推导出了变径弯管和变径直管在内压载荷作用下的轴向应力和环向应力数学模型。利用有限元分析软件模拟了变径直管和变径弯管在内压载荷和流体介质载荷作用下的受力情况,结果显示变径直管的最大应力位于大端口处,变径弯管的最大应力位于大端内拱的入口处,把实验结果和理论推导的模型计算结果相比较,验证了数学模型的准确性。在详细分析光纤光栅传感器对温度和应变传感机理的基础上,将一种丁基橡胶合成的聚合物应用到光纤光栅碳氢化合物传感探头中,有效的解决了温度—应变的“交叉敏感”问题。最后,将研究成果应用到传感器在管道的布设中,使传感器的布设更具敏感性和经济性,研究成果对实际监测系统的建设具有指导作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the frequent occurrence of pipeline leakage accidents has put forward new requirements for pipeline leakage monitoring technology, one is to improve the positioning accuracy, the other is not to omit small leakage signals, and the third is to require less investment and be economical. It is necessary to analyze the stress condition of the pipeline in detail, determine the position where the stress is easily concentrated and damage, arrange the sensor reasonably, reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of monitoring. In this paper, the problem of the reasonable placement of fiber Bragg grating sensors is solved by studying the vulnerable position of long distance oil pipeline. The welding and cooling processes of pipe welds were simulated by using ANSYS software, by writing subroutine and using Gao Si moving heat source. It was found that the residual stress of welded parts reached maximum after cooling. Based on the theory of material mechanics and elastoplastic mechanics, the axial and circumferential stress models of ideal elbows under internal pressure are established. The internal pressure load and fluid medium load of ideal and elliptical elbows are analyzed by using ANSYS and FLUENT software respectively. It is found that the position of the maximum stress of the elbows deviates to the neutral line of the elbows in practical application. The mathematical models of axial stress and circumferential stress of curved pipe with variable diameter and straight pipe with variable diameter under internal pressure are derived. The finite element analysis software is used to simulate the stress of variable diameter straight pipe and variable diameter bend pipe under internal pressure and fluid medium load. The results show that the maximum stress of variable diameter straight pipe lies at the big port. The maximum stress of the curved pipe with variable diameter lies at the entrance of the inner arch of the large end. The accuracy of the mathematical model is verified by comparing the experimental results with the calculated results of the theoretical model. Based on the detailed analysis of temperature and strain sensing mechanism of fiber Bragg grating sensor, a kind of polymer synthesized by butyl rubber was applied to fiber grating hydrocarbon sensing probe. Effectively solves the temperature-strain "cross sensitivity" problem. Finally, the research results are applied to the sensor layout in the pipeline, which makes the sensor layout more sensitive and economical. The research results have a guiding role in the construction of the actual monitoring system.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE973.6;TP212
本文编号：2346022
[Abstract]:In recent years, the frequent occurrence of pipeline leakage accidents has put forward new requirements for pipeline leakage monitoring technology, one is to improve the positioning accuracy, the other is not to omit small leakage signals, and the third is to require less investment and be economical. It is necessary to analyze the stress condition of the pipeline in detail, determine the position where the stress is easily concentrated and damage, arrange the sensor reasonably, reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of monitoring. In this paper, the problem of the reasonable placement of fiber Bragg grating sensors is solved by studying the vulnerable position of long distance oil pipeline. The welding and cooling processes of pipe welds were simulated by using ANSYS software, by writing subroutine and using Gao Si moving heat source. It was found that the residual stress of welded parts reached maximum after cooling. Based on the theory of material mechanics and elastoplastic mechanics, the axial and circumferential stress models of ideal elbows under internal pressure are established. The internal pressure load and fluid medium load of ideal and elliptical elbows are analyzed by using ANSYS and FLUENT software respectively. It is found that the position of the maximum stress of the elbows deviates to the neutral line of the elbows in practical application. The mathematical models of axial stress and circumferential stress of curved pipe with variable diameter and straight pipe with variable diameter under internal pressure are derived. The finite element analysis software is used to simulate the stress of variable diameter straight pipe and variable diameter bend pipe under internal pressure and fluid medium load. The results show that the maximum stress of variable diameter straight pipe lies at the big port. The maximum stress of the curved pipe with variable diameter lies at the entrance of the inner arch of the large end. The accuracy of the mathematical model is verified by comparing the experimental results with the calculated results of the theoretical model. Based on the detailed analysis of temperature and strain sensing mechanism of fiber Bragg grating sensor, a kind of polymer synthesized by butyl rubber was applied to fiber grating hydrocarbon sensing probe. Effectively solves the temperature-strain "cross sensitivity" problem. Finally, the research results are applied to the sensor layout in the pipeline, which makes the sensor layout more sensitive and economical. The research results have a guiding role in the construction of the actual monitoring system.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE973.6;TP212
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