萃取-酯交换耦合法制备生物柴油过程催化剂应用研究进展

发布时间：2018-11-21 09:11

【摘要】：传统的生物柴油生产过程通常包括油脂提取、提纯精炼、酯化/酯交换等步骤,需要消耗大量的能源与化学品。萃取-酯交换耦合技术是近年来开发的一种简单有效、具有较大应用潜力的生物柴油制备方法,该方法直接以含油固体为原料,以短链醇等作为萃取溶剂和酯交换反应试剂,油脂萃取与酯化/酯交换反应同时进行,提高了生产效率,降低了生产成本,减少了环境污染。萃取-酯交换耦合法中催化剂的选择是反应能否实现高效转化的关键。酯交换反应的催化剂种类繁多,但大多数针对的原料是浸提过的液体油脂,较少用来催化固体原料原位酯交换反应。笔者综述了近年来萃取-酯交换耦合技术制备生物柴油的研究进展,包括酸催化法、碱催化法、离子液体催化法、超临界法和生物酶法,探讨了各种方法的优缺点,同时提出了萃取-酯交换耦合法制备生物柴油过程中催化剂制备与应用方面需要解决的主要问题及今后的发展方向。
[Abstract]:The traditional biodiesel production process usually includes oil extraction, purification and refining, esterification / transesterification and so on, which need to consume a lot of energy and chemicals. Extraction-transesterification coupling technology is a simple and effective method for the preparation of biodiesel with great potential for application in recent years. This method directly uses oily solids as raw materials and short chain alcohols as solvent for extraction and transesterification reaction reagents. Oil extraction and esterification / transesterification were carried out at the same time, which improved the production efficiency, reduced the production cost and reduced the environmental pollution. The selection of catalyst in the extraction-transesterification coupling method is the key to the efficient conversion of the reaction. There are many kinds of catalysts for transesterification, but most of the raw materials are extracted liquid oils, which are less used to catalyze in situ transesterification of solid materials. The recent advances in the preparation of biodiesel by coupling extraction and transesterification were reviewed, including acid catalysis, alkali catalysis, ionic liquid catalysis, supercritical method and biological enzyme method. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods were also discussed. The main problems in the preparation and application of catalysts in the process of preparing biodiesel by extraction-transesterification coupling method and the future development are also put forward.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学林学院;中国科学技术大学化学与材料科学学院;
【基金】：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2015JQ3067) 西北农林科技大学林学院优秀青年教师人才培育计划项目陕西省科学技术研究发展计划项目(2014K02-12-03) 中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(2452015337)
【分类号】：TE667

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