低孔渗气藏三维现今地应力场数值计算及应用
发布时间：2018-11-23 12:18
【摘要】：我国低孔渗油气资源储量巨大,是今后一个时期重点开采的资源类型。低孔渗油气田渗透压力低,流动阻力大,压裂反排困难,提高采注率难,开发成本高,因此如何有效改造低孔渗油气田,提高开发效益至关重要。低孔渗油气田开采时常需要水力压裂,但由于低孔渗储层物性较差,孔隙结构复杂,地质非均匀性强,容易造成压裂效果差,甚至压裂施工失败。高精度现今地应力场的模拟结果在油气井开发方案优化和压裂施工设计等方面应用广泛。本文首先综述现今地应力和水力压裂数值模拟技术的国内外研究现状,指出数值模拟取得的成果与存在的缺点,提出本课题的基本研究方法。简述了岩石断裂力学、损伤力学及考虑损伤的渗流与应力耦合的有限元的基本概念、理论。根据室内岩芯三轴实验、测井数据等资料建立研究区的岩石力学参数三维地质模型,采用VB.NET开发了《测井数据分析及应用》软件,计算了研究区三维岩石力学参数并进行空间展布。根据Petrel地质模型,结合逆向工程软件ImageWare,建立高精度的三维有限元模型,并采用快速边界条件搜索技术建立载荷与位移边界条件,计算了三维现今地应力场。结合工区的地质地貌特征,分析了应力场的分布规律。在分析常见的压裂缝几何模型的基础上,根据饱和多孔介质的平衡方程与流体连续方程,引入裂纹起裂与扩展准则,建立了水力压裂单裂缝动态扩展数学模型。以地应力场和压裂施工资料为依据,采用ABAQUS建立水力压裂的轴对称单缝扩展有限元模型,模拟了压裂缝三维动态扩展过程。分析了水力压裂过程中压裂缝附近的水平最大主应力、水平最小主应力、孔隙压力、滤失速率等参数的分布规律。在上述模型研究的基础上,采用单一变量法,研究了应力场、孔隙比、渗透系数和注射排量对压裂缝缝宽和缝长的影响。
[Abstract]:China has huge reserves of low porosity and permeability oil and gas resources, which is the key resource type in a future period. The low porosity and permeability oil and gas fields have low permeability pressure, large flow resistance, difficulty in fracturing reverse discharge, difficulty in improving the production rate and high development cost. Therefore, how to effectively reconstruct the low porosity and permeability oil and gas fields and improve the development benefit is very important. Hydraulic fracturing is often required for exploitation of low porosity and permeability oil and gas fields, but because of poor physical properties of low porosity and permeability reservoirs, complex pore structure and strong geological heterogeneity, it is easy to cause poor fracturing effect and even failure of fracturing operation. The simulation results of high precision stress field are widely used in oil and gas well development optimization and fracturing design. In this paper, the present research status of in-situ stress and hydraulic fracturing numerical simulation technology at home and abroad is first summarized, the achievements and shortcomings of numerical simulation are pointed out, and the basic research methods of this subject are put forward. The basic concepts and theories of rock fracture mechanics, damage mechanics and finite element method considering seepage and stress coupling of damage are briefly introduced. According to the data of laboratory core triaxial experiment and logging data, the 3D geological model of rock mechanics parameters in the study area is established. The software of log data analysis and application is developed with VB.NET. The three-dimensional rock mechanics parameters in the study area were calculated and the spatial distribution was carried out. According to the Petrel geological model and the reverse engineering software ImageWare, a high precision 3D finite element model is established. The load and displacement boundary conditions are established by using the fast boundary condition search technique, and the 3D present earth stress field is calculated. Combined with the geological and geomorphological characteristics of the work area, the distribution of the stress field is analyzed. Based on the analysis of common geometric models of fracturing, according to the equilibrium equation and fluid continuity equation of saturated porous media, the crack initiation and propagation criterion is introduced, and the mathematical model of hydraulic fracturing single fracture dynamic propagation is established. Based on the in-situ stress field and fracturing operation data, a finite element model of axisymmetric single fracture propagation for hydraulic fracturing is established by using ABAQUS, and the three-dimensional dynamic propagation process of fracturing is simulated. The distribution law of the maximum horizontal principal stress, horizontal minimum principal stress, pore pressure and filtration rate in hydraulic fracturing are analyzed. On the basis of the above model the effects of stress field porosity ratio permeability coefficient and injection displacement on fracture width and length are studied by single variable method.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE37
本文编号：2351590
[Abstract]:China has huge reserves of low porosity and permeability oil and gas resources, which is the key resource type in a future period. The low porosity and permeability oil and gas fields have low permeability pressure, large flow resistance, difficulty in fracturing reverse discharge, difficulty in improving the production rate and high development cost. Therefore, how to effectively reconstruct the low porosity and permeability oil and gas fields and improve the development benefit is very important. Hydraulic fracturing is often required for exploitation of low porosity and permeability oil and gas fields, but because of poor physical properties of low porosity and permeability reservoirs, complex pore structure and strong geological heterogeneity, it is easy to cause poor fracturing effect and even failure of fracturing operation. The simulation results of high precision stress field are widely used in oil and gas well development optimization and fracturing design. In this paper, the present research status of in-situ stress and hydraulic fracturing numerical simulation technology at home and abroad is first summarized, the achievements and shortcomings of numerical simulation are pointed out, and the basic research methods of this subject are put forward. The basic concepts and theories of rock fracture mechanics, damage mechanics and finite element method considering seepage and stress coupling of damage are briefly introduced. According to the data of laboratory core triaxial experiment and logging data, the 3D geological model of rock mechanics parameters in the study area is established. The software of log data analysis and application is developed with VB.NET. The three-dimensional rock mechanics parameters in the study area were calculated and the spatial distribution was carried out. According to the Petrel geological model and the reverse engineering software ImageWare, a high precision 3D finite element model is established. The load and displacement boundary conditions are established by using the fast boundary condition search technique, and the 3D present earth stress field is calculated. Combined with the geological and geomorphological characteristics of the work area, the distribution of the stress field is analyzed. Based on the analysis of common geometric models of fracturing, according to the equilibrium equation and fluid continuity equation of saturated porous media, the crack initiation and propagation criterion is introduced, and the mathematical model of hydraulic fracturing single fracture dynamic propagation is established. Based on the in-situ stress field and fracturing operation data, a finite element model of axisymmetric single fracture propagation for hydraulic fracturing is established by using ABAQUS, and the three-dimensional dynamic propagation process of fracturing is simulated. The distribution law of the maximum horizontal principal stress, horizontal minimum principal stress, pore pressure and filtration rate in hydraulic fracturing are analyzed. On the basis of the above model the effects of stress field porosity ratio permeability coefficient and injection displacement on fracture width and length are studied by single variable method.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE37
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