基于动液面的油井优化控制方法研究

发布时间：2018-11-26 08:55

【摘要】：目前,我国大部分油田都处在开采的后期,早期油田依靠人工的生产控制和粗放式的管理模式已严重制约油田的发展。油井生产的人工调节与非优化运行是油田油井运行的普遍状态。特别是,在世界经济不景气、低油价的背景下更加速了对国内老油田的冲击。因此国内油田急需对采油过程进行精细化管理,优化采油控制环节,从而提高油田经济效益。本文针对大多数油田采用的有杆泵采油系统,基于油井动液面的优化控制,进行了动液面的测量和控制方法研究。首先,研究了合理动液面对油井优化运行的意义,并分别对有杆泵采油系统的地面和井下部分运行规律进行了分析。其次,利用数字化油井测控平台,基于示功图法对油井动液面高度进行了测量,并实现了现场验证。实现方法是： (1)利用传感器采集到的油井地面运行规律数据,获取地面示功图；(2)通过数据模型转换得到含有井下泵特征的泵功图,利用凸包算法对泵功图进行平滑处理,提取其特征值,通过求取图形中最大曲率的方法获得抽油泵的载荷值；(3)利用压力梯度与泵的载荷计算得到油井动液面高度,并进行数据修正,以提高测量准确度。最后,设计了动液面系统的优化控制器,以实现对抽油机采油速率的实时调节。步骤为：(1)根据压力梯度关系和产液模型建立动液面切换系统模型；(2)对动液面切换系统进行稳定性分析；(3)设计动液面系统切换控制器；(4)采集油井数据并设置控制器参数,对控制器进行仿真验证。本文通过对油井动液面高度的测量和控制方法性研究和验证,表明该动液面测控方法在油井优化运行方面可以起到积极作用,能够有效的优化采油控制环节,本文的方法可以为油田管理和研究人员提供一个可以借鉴的方案。
[Abstract]:At present, most oil fields in our country are in the late stage of exploitation, and the early oil fields rely on artificial production control and extensive management mode, which have seriously restricted the development of oil fields. Manual regulation and non-optimal operation of oil well production are the common state of oil well operation. In particular, in the world economic downturn, low oil prices in the context of accelerated impact on the old domestic oil field. Therefore, it is urgent for domestic oil fields to fine manage the oil production process and optimize the oil production control links to improve the economic benefits of the oil fields. In this paper, based on the optimal control of the moving liquid level of the oil well, the measurement and control methods of the moving liquid level are studied for the rod pump oil recovery system used in most oilfields. Firstly, the significance of optimal operation of rational moving fluid to oil well is studied, and the operation law of surface and downhole parts of rod pump oil recovery system is analyzed respectively. Secondly, using the digital oil well measurement and control platform, the dynamic level height of the oil well is measured based on the indicator diagram method, and the field verification is realized. The methods are as follows: (1) the surface indicator diagram is obtained by using the data of the surface running rule of the oil well collected by the sensor; (2) the pump work diagram with downhole pump characteristics is obtained by data model transformation. The pump work graph is smoothed by convex hull algorithm, and the characteristic value is extracted, and the load value of the pump is obtained by the method of obtaining the maximum curvature in the graph. (3) using the pressure gradient and the load of the pump to calculate the level height of the oil well, and to modify the data to improve the accuracy of the measurement. Finally, the optimal controller of the moving liquid level system is designed to realize the real-time regulation of the oil recovery rate of the pumping unit. The steps are as follows: (1) according to the pressure gradient relation and the liquid production model, the dynamic level switching system model is established; (2) the stability analysis of the moving liquid level switching system is carried out; (3) the switching controller of the moving liquid level system is designed. (4) collecting well data and setting controller parameters, the controller is simulated and verified. Through the research and verification of the measurement and control method of the level of moving liquid level in oil wells, it is shown that the method can play a positive role in the optimization operation of oil wells, and can effectively optimize the oil recovery control links. The method in this paper can be used as a reference for oilfield management and researchers.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE938;TP273

【参考文献】