焦炭塔的失效形式分析及其防范措施研究
发布时间：2018-11-26 10:12
【摘要】：炼化装置的长周期运行将给企业带来明显的经济效益。国内炼化企业与国外炼化企业相比,存在明显的产能差异以及经济效益。究其原因,主要是我国的炼化装置长周期运行效果不理想。延迟焦化装置是炼化企业的最末端装置,主要作用是重油深加工。延迟焦化装置的核心设备是焦炭塔。由于焦炭塔长期处于高温低温循环、高压低压循环以及腐蚀的工作环境,在操作过程中,由于压力波动、温度变化、频繁间歇操作及开停工等都会造成该设备的机械强度下降、疲劳破坏。一旦焦炭塔发生破坏,不仅造成巨大的经济损失,而且往往造成人员伤亡等严重后果。因此,焦炭塔的安全与否直接关系到整个延迟焦化装置的正常运行及人员安全。本文通过对焦炭塔的失效形式进行分析,即从焦炭塔筒体蠕变变形和裙座开裂两个方面入手,对各种条件下产生的复杂应力状态进行分析,根据蠕变和疲劳评定的实验结果,确定了焦炭塔筒体变形和裙座开裂的主要原因,即主要与操作工艺过程复杂、温度变化大,塔体结构设计和选材使塔体的高温强度不满足工艺生产的剧变等有关;并从设计、制造、检验、使用等环节提出相应的防范措施,防止和减少事故的隐患,即重视焦炭塔的塔体材质的选择、塔体结构的设计焦炭塔的加工制造及其过程质量控制。最后,针对焦炭塔工业生产的实际工况条件,提出了针对焦炭塔日常的生产维护保养措施,即需要把握好工艺操作,确保每个步骤有充足的时间,提高预热温度,不随意压缩生产周期等。
[Abstract]:The long-period operation of the refining plant will bring obvious economic benefits to the enterprise. Compared with foreign refining and chemical enterprises, there are obvious differences in production capacity and economic benefits in domestic refining and chemical enterprises. The main reason is that the long-period operation effect of refinery plant in China is not ideal. Delayed coking unit is the most terminal unit in refinery, and its main function is heavy oil deep processing. The core equipment of the delayed coking unit is the coke tower. Because the coke tower is in the working environment of high temperature and low temperature cycle, high pressure and low pressure cycle and corrosion for a long time, during operation, the mechanical strength of the equipment will decrease due to pressure fluctuation, temperature change, frequent intermittent operation and shutdown etc. Fatigue damage. Once the coke tower is destroyed, it will not only cause huge economic losses, but also cause casualties and other serious consequences. Therefore, the safety of coke tower is directly related to the normal operation of the whole delayed coking plant and personnel safety. In this paper, the failure mode of coke tower is analyzed, that is, from the aspects of creep deformation of coke tower cylinder and pedestal cracking, the complex stress states under various conditions are analyzed, and the experimental results of creep and fatigue assessment are given. The main causes of deformation and pedestal cracking of coke tower cylinder are determined, which are mainly related to complex operation process, large temperature change, tower structure design and material selection, which make the high temperature strength of tower body not meet the drastic change of process production. And from the design, manufacture, inspection, use and other links to put forward the corresponding preventive measures to prevent and reduce the hidden dangers of accidents, that is, attach importance to the selection of tower material, tower structure design, processing and manufacture of coke tower and process quality control. Finally, according to the actual working conditions of coke tower industrial production, the paper puts forward the daily production maintenance measures for coke tower, that is, it is necessary to grasp the process operation, to ensure that each step has sufficient time to raise the preheating temperature. Not arbitrarily compressed production cycle, etc.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE962
本文编号：2358268
[Abstract]:The long-period operation of the refining plant will bring obvious economic benefits to the enterprise. Compared with foreign refining and chemical enterprises, there are obvious differences in production capacity and economic benefits in domestic refining and chemical enterprises. The main reason is that the long-period operation effect of refinery plant in China is not ideal. Delayed coking unit is the most terminal unit in refinery, and its main function is heavy oil deep processing. The core equipment of the delayed coking unit is the coke tower. Because the coke tower is in the working environment of high temperature and low temperature cycle, high pressure and low pressure cycle and corrosion for a long time, during operation, the mechanical strength of the equipment will decrease due to pressure fluctuation, temperature change, frequent intermittent operation and shutdown etc. Fatigue damage. Once the coke tower is destroyed, it will not only cause huge economic losses, but also cause casualties and other serious consequences. Therefore, the safety of coke tower is directly related to the normal operation of the whole delayed coking plant and personnel safety. In this paper, the failure mode of coke tower is analyzed, that is, from the aspects of creep deformation of coke tower cylinder and pedestal cracking, the complex stress states under various conditions are analyzed, and the experimental results of creep and fatigue assessment are given. The main causes of deformation and pedestal cracking of coke tower cylinder are determined, which are mainly related to complex operation process, large temperature change, tower structure design and material selection, which make the high temperature strength of tower body not meet the drastic change of process production. And from the design, manufacture, inspection, use and other links to put forward the corresponding preventive measures to prevent and reduce the hidden dangers of accidents, that is, attach importance to the selection of tower material, tower structure design, processing and manufacture of coke tower and process quality control. Finally, according to the actual working conditions of coke tower industrial production, the paper puts forward the daily production maintenance measures for coke tower, that is, it is necessary to grasp the process operation, to ensure that each step has sufficient time to raise the preheating temperature. Not arbitrarily compressed production cycle, etc.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE962
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 俞立波;焦炭塔裙座局部更新[J];石油化工设备技术;2004年04期
，本文编号：2358268
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