油气集输管线三维路径规划研究

发布时间：2018-12-07 10:30

【摘要】：油气管线路径规划问题是油气集输管网优化研究中一个重要的子问题。由于目前的油气集输系统优化研究中,多关注于管网设计参数如各管段管径、壁厚、保温层厚度、各站场的处理量与位置等变量的整体优化及其实现算法,对井站之间管线的具体路径规划的研究较少。由于实际铺设环境中起伏地形影响着管道的铺设,农田、村庄等也会影响管线的路径选择,这些因素不但影响着管网的初期建设成本,而且对管网的运行参数如压力、温度等有不可忽视的影响。本文根据油气集输管线的建设及运行情况,以寿命期末总费用为目标函数,建立了油气集输管线三维路径规划问题模型。其中,目标函数的建立基于油气集输管线的建设及运行成本;约束条件来源于运行参数约束和施工条件约束,其中运行参数主要考虑油气集输系统的安全运行要求,施工条件约束主要考虑了地形的限制。提出了采用空间信息挖掘技术在DEM中提取地形信息,并结合自定义的障碍区域进行环境建模的方法,根据DEM高程数据,求解栅格汇水面积矩阵、地形湿度指数矩阵、水流强度指数矩阵等参数,以预测季节性沟壑的产生位置,辅助油气管线路径规划。并根据路径规划问题的研究现状,选择A*算法实现了模型的求解。本文对A*算法的节点拓展进行了探讨,确认了A*算法在本问题中时间频度与探索半径和计算误差与探索半径的函数关系,在权衡计算的精度和效率后选择了48节点拓展。并依据成本模型对A*算法的各函数项进行了设计,实现了模型的求解。最后利用VS2008编制了油气集输管线三维路径规划软件,并以某油田所在区域为背景进行了管线路径规划。计算结果表明,改进后的A*算法对本文建立的油气集输管线三维路径规划模型的求解结果可以较为明显的降低管线的总成本,并极大的减小因地形起伏带来的附加压力降,是对油气集输管网优化研究的重要补充,并对实际管线的铺设具有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:The path planning of oil and gas pipelines is an important sub-problem in the optimization of oil and gas gathering and transportation networks. At present, in the research of oil and gas gathering and transportation system optimization, more attention is paid to the overall optimization and realization algorithm of pipe network design parameters such as pipe diameter, wall thickness, insulation layer thickness, processing capacity and location of each station, etc. There is little research on the specific path planning of pipeline between well stations. In the actual laying environment, the rolling terrain affects the pipeline laying, the farmland, the village and so on will also influence the pipeline path choice, these factors not only affect the initial construction cost of the pipe network, but also affect the operation parameters of the pipe network such as pressure. Temperature and so on have the influence which cannot be ignored. According to the construction and operation of oil and gas gathering and transportation pipeline, a three-dimensional path planning model of oil and gas gathering and transportation pipeline is established in this paper, taking the total cost of oil and gas gathering and transportation pipeline as the objective function at the end of its life. Among them, the establishment of objective function is based on the construction and operation cost of oil and gas gathering pipeline. The constraints come from the constraints of operation parameters and construction conditions, in which the operational parameters mainly consider the requirements of safe operation of oil and gas gathering and transportation systems, and the constraints of construction conditions mainly consider the constraints of topography. This paper presents a method of extracting terrain information from DEM by spatial information mining technology, and combining with the self-defined obstacle area to model the environment. According to the elevation data of DEM, the raster water catchment area matrix and terrain humidity index matrix are solved. The flow intensity index matrix is used to predict the location of seasonal gullies and to assist the pipeline path planning. According to the current situation of the path planning problem, the A * algorithm is selected to solve the model. In this paper, the node expansion of the A * algorithm is discussed, and the functional relationship between the time frequency and the exploration radius and the calculation error and the exploration radius is confirmed. After weighing the accuracy and efficiency of the calculation, 48 nodes are selected to expand. According to the cost model, the function items of the A * algorithm are designed, and the solution of the model is realized. Finally, the 3D path planning software of oil and gas gathering pipeline is compiled by using VS2008, and the pipeline path planning is carried out based on the region of an oil field. The calculation results show that the improved A * algorithm can obviously reduce the total cost of the pipeline and reduce the additional pressure drop caused by the topographic fluctuation of the 3D path planning model of the oil and gas gathering pipeline established in this paper. It is an important supplement to the optimization research of oil and gas gathering and transportation pipeline network, and has certain guiding significance to the actual pipeline laying.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE863

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