声学技术在储运厂储罐安全运行中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-12-07 17:24

【摘要】：储罐是石油储运、输转系统中最为重要设备，，储存的介质为原油、汽油、柴油等，这些介质都属于易燃、易爆危险化学品，储罐运行过程中容易发生危险。我们国家和世界其他各国都根据本国实际情况制定了相关标准和规范，用以要求储罐的使用单位对储罐的腐蚀状况进行定期的检测。确保储罐安全的状态下平稳运行，避免发生造成环境破坏和生态系统污染的事故。由于这些因素的影响，我们使用的检测技术就要做到安全、可靠、灵活有效。在线无损检测技术，对石油储运和输转系统中运行的设备和设施的长周期安全、平稳运行提供可靠保障，将具有十分重要的意义。储罐定期检测受现场条件制约，检测的手段和办法相当有限。目前世界各国唯一认可的储罐在线检测方法是声发射检测方法。声发射在线检测技术主要利用材料在变形和断裂时因为局部能量的快速释放所产生的声波，通常这种信号强度很弱，我们借助灵敏的电子仪器（传感器）接收并分析，从而推断声发射源，定位泄漏点，并判断腐蚀情况。 20世纪80年代中期，声发射检测技术开始应用在石油化工单位的大型储罐的检测，目前已经在石油、炼化、机械制造加工的等领域取得广泛应用。声发射在线检测技术作为一项成熟的无损检测方法，在石油化工行业可用于压力容器管道、常压储罐底部泄漏的检测，在实现储罐的在线检测及安全评估方面最具优势，对储罐的安全运行、企业安全生产具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:The storage tank is the most important equipment in the oil storage and transportation system. The storage medium is crude oil, gasoline, diesel oil and so on. These mediums are flammable, explosive and dangerous chemicals. Our country and other countries in the world have formulated relevant standards and norms according to their actual conditions, which require storage tank users to carry out regular inspection of tank corrosion. To ensure the safe operation of the storage tank, to avoid the occurrence of environmental damage and ecosystem pollution accidents. As a result of these factors, we use the detection technology to be safe, reliable, flexible and effective. On-line nondestructive testing (NDT) technology will be of great significance to ensure the long period safety and smooth operation of equipments and facilities in oil storage and transportation system. Storage tank regular inspection is restricted by field conditions, and the means and methods of inspection are quite limited. At present, acoustic emission detection is the only method approved in the world. The acoustic emission on-line detection technique mainly uses the sound wave produced by the rapid release of local energy during deformation and fracture of materials. Usually, this signal is very weak, so we use sensitive electronic instruments (sensors) to receive and analyze it. Thus the acoustic emission source is inferred, the leakage point is located, and the corrosion situation is judged. In the middle of 1980s, acoustic emission (AE) detection technology began to be applied to the detection of large storage tanks in petrochemical units. At present, it has been widely used in the fields of petroleum, refining, machining and so on. As a mature nondestructive testing method, acoustic emission on-line testing technology can be used in the petrochemical industry to detect leakage at the bottom of pressure vessel pipelines and atmospheric storage tanks, and has the most advantages in the on-line detection and safety assessment of storage tanks. It is of great significance to the safe operation of storage tanks.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE88

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