稠油污水回用锅炉不除硅深度软化防垢技术研究

发布时间：2018-12-16 03:03

【摘要】：辽河油田稠油开发大多采用蒸汽吞吐或蒸汽驱开采的方式,这必然就产生大量的稠油污水,并且随着稠油热采方式的改变以及开采年限的增加,所产生的稠油污水量迅速上升[1],其水质成分复杂多变、水温较高、粘度大、油水密度差小、乳化严重、生物可降解性差、处理难度大,因此对于稠油污水的合理处置是油田公司面临的一个非常严峻的经济和技术问题。辽河油田对稠油污水进行深度处理使之达到高压蒸汽锅炉的给水标准。作为供给热采锅炉用水,主要处理流程主要分为除油、除悬浮物、除硅和软化四部分[2]。油和悬浮物的处理工艺已成熟,工程一次投资和处理成本也较低。除硅工艺存在加药多、硅泥量大、成本高以及导致后续过滤器结垢严重等问题,针对这些问题,结合前期已进行的不除硅稠油污水深度软化工艺先导性试验的研究[3],提出不除硅深度软化新工艺是稠油污水回用热采锅炉的科学可靠的防垢技术。对稠油污水的不除硅深度软化后,污水的水质情况便会发生很大的改变,本文从热采锅炉的防垢机理出发,结合欢四联现场中试试验,注气量在10000m3后,对炉管进行切割。取炉管管壁垢质进行表征分析。深度软化过程去除了绝大部分的钙、镁等能使阴离子形成沉淀物的金属阳离子。通过对比深度软化水质与传统除硅+二级软化工艺水质对锅炉炉管垢质的影响,进一步论证了不除硅深度软化水可以作为锅炉给水,并且说明了通过控制腐蚀可以有效的减少该水质条件下的结垢量。研究结果对于处理处置大量的稠油污水、保护环境以及节约水资源具有重要的意义;为后续研究和工程应用提供了重要的参考。
[Abstract]:The development of heavy oil in Liaohe Oilfield mostly adopts the way of steam huff and puff or steam drive, which is bound to produce a large amount of heavy oil sewage, and with the change of thermal recovery mode of heavy oil and the increase of production life, The polluted water quantity of heavy oil increases rapidly [1], the water quality is complex and changeable, the water temperature is high, the viscosity is high, the density of oil and water is low, the emulsification is serious, the biodegradability is poor, and the treatment is difficult. Therefore, the rational treatment of heavy oil wastewater is a very severe economic and technical problem faced by oil field companies. Liaohe Oilfield advanced treatment of heavy oil wastewater to meet the feed water standard of high pressure steam boiler. As water for hot recovery boiler, the main treatment process is divided into four parts: removing oil, removing suspended matter, removing silicon and softening [2]. The treatment process of oil and suspended matter is mature, and the engineering primary investment and treatment cost are lower. There are many problems in silicon removal process, such as more dosing, large amount of silicon sludge, high cost and serious fouling of subsequent filters. In view of these problems, the study on the pilot test of deep softening process for heavy oil wastewater without removing silicon has been carried out [3]. A new technology of deep softening without removing silicon is proposed, which is a scientific and reliable scale control technology for heavy oil wastewater recovery boiler. After the deep softening of heavy oil wastewater without removing silicon, the water quality of sewage will change greatly. Based on the anti-scaling mechanism of thermal recovery boiler, combined with the pilot test of Huan four-way field, the furnace tube is cut by gas injection after 10000m3. The fouling quality of furnace tube wall was characterized and analyzed. The deep softening process removes most of the metal cations, such as calcium and magnesium, which can make the anions form precipitates. By comparing the effect of deep softening water quality and traditional desilication secondary softening process on the fouling quality of boiler tubes, it is further proved that the soft water without silicon removal depth can be used as boiler feed water. It also shows that corrosion control can effectively reduce the amount of scaling under the condition of water quality. The results of the study are of great significance for the treatment and disposal of a large amount of heavy oil sewage, the protection of the environment and the conservation of water resources, and provide an important reference for further research and engineering application.
【学位授予单位】：大连交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X741

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