基于模型法的天然气管道泄漏检测及定位研究

发布时间：2018-12-20 21:47

【摘要】：管道技术在天然气输送中有着独特的优势。随着西部油田、气田的开发和“西气东输”工程的进行，，管道运输将会在我国国民经济中占据越来越重要的地位。天然气管路的泄漏不仅导致资源的损失，同时极大地污染了环境，甚至发生了火灾爆炸，严重威胁人民生命财产的安全。高效迅速的天然气管道泄漏与定位方法是管道安全运行的重要保障。因此，对天然气管路泄漏检测和定位的研究，是一项有实际意义的工作。模型法天然气管道泄漏检测及定位技术基于气体管道传输的流体模型，能够通过实时的管道压力数据，快速进行管道泄漏事故的判断。该方法经过国内外学者的深入研究以后，已经应用到实际管道事故检测当中，保障实际的生产活动。目前，模型法进行泄漏检测多采用液体适用的流体模型。由于没有考虑气体热力学性质以及可压缩性，该方法运用在天然气泄漏检测定位问题上时精度较低。天然气密度是模型法定位的一项重要参数，原有气体模型将天然气混合气体密度设为常数。一般来说，天然气在管道运输中压强较大，首尾端压降和初始压强比较不可忽略，另考虑到天然气混合气体的性质，不同组分的天然气会在不同环境中会有不同的密度，它的变化将直接影响着气体管道泄漏定位的精度。本课题从原有天然气模型入手，首先利用气体管道流体模型，建立适合天然气定位使用的气体管道稳态模型。在此基础上，讨论了不同天然气组分对混合气体密度以及对模型法定位的影响。并对天然气混合气体密度进行更精确的建模，改进原有算法。仿真和实验结果表明，模型法天然气管道泄漏检测和定位能够实现简单、快速的泄漏定位；对天然气密度进行改进后的模型提高了天然气管道泄漏定位精度。
[Abstract]:Pipeline technology has a unique advantage in natural gas transportation. With the development of western oil fields, gas fields and the project of "West-to-East Gas Transmission", pipeline transportation will play a more and more important role in our national economy. The leakage of natural gas pipeline not only leads to the loss of resources, but also pollutes the environment greatly, and even fires and explodes, which seriously threaten the safety of people's lives and property. Efficient and rapid gas pipeline leakage and location method is an important guarantee of pipeline safe operation. Therefore, the study of gas pipeline leakage detection and location is of practical significance. Gas pipeline leakage detection and location technology based on the fluid model of gas pipeline transmission, the pipeline leakage accident can be judged quickly by real-time pipeline pressure data. The method has been applied to actual pipeline accident detection after deep research by domestic and foreign scholars. At present, the fluid model suitable for liquid is used in leak detection by model method. Because the thermodynamic properties and compressibility of gas are not considered, the accuracy of this method is low when it is applied to the problem of gas leak detection and location. The density of natural gas is an important parameter in the model method. The original gas model sets the density of natural gas mixture as a constant. Generally speaking, natural gas has a high pressure in pipeline transportation, and the pressure drop and initial pressure at the front and tail end can not be ignored. Considering the nature of natural gas mixture, different components of natural gas will have different densities in different environments. Its change will directly affect the accuracy of gas pipeline leakage location. Starting with the original natural gas model, the steady state model of gas pipeline is established by using the gas pipeline fluid model. On this basis, the effects of different natural gas components on gas mixture density and model location are discussed. The density of natural gas mixture is modeled more accurately and the original algorithm is improved. The simulation and experimental results show that the model method can detect and locate the leakage of natural gas pipeline easily and quickly, and the improved model of natural gas density improves the accuracy of leakage location of natural gas pipeline.
【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE973.6

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