石油钻机刹车块的台架试验方法研究

发布时间：2018-12-23 10:33

【摘要】：目前,小样试验是检测石油钻机刹车块制动性能的唯一方法。小样试验只是在定速定压的条件下对刹车块进行检测,工况模拟性较差。台架试验则是采用实际刹车副模拟钻机刹车过程的试验,可以全面的评价刹车块的性能。但是,由于石油钻机刹车副过大,台架试验成本过高,钻机刹车块台架试验很难普及。将基于相似原理的缩比试验引用到石油钻机刹车块台架试验中来可以很好的解决钻机刹车副过大的问题。本论文围绕如何开展石油钻机刹车块台架试验做了以下内容。文章总结了小样试验和台架试验的研究现状,并系统的对比了小样试验和台架试验,阐述提出了石油钻机刹车块的台架试验的意义。为了加强台架试验的工况模拟性,本文分析了石油钻机下钻过程中刹车副的工况。根据对刹车块工况的分析,论文确定了以相似原理为基础的台架试验模拟准则和试验参量的缩尺比例常数,以40钻机为例计算了盘式刹车台架试验参数。考虑到部分钻机仍配有带式刹车,计算了以130-2钻机为例的带式刹车台架试验参数。以相似原理为基础设计了钻机台架试验缩尺刹车块并将缩尺刹车块的重叠系数和钻机刹车块的重叠系数进行了对比,计算了质心位置以确定摩擦半径。依据缩尺刹车盘吸收热量的体积,确定了缩尺刹车盘的形状和尺寸。简单介绍了钻机刹车块缩尺台架的组成部分,设计了缩尺台架的传动布置。缩尺台架制动尾架是将缩尺刹车块传送到缩尺刹车盘进行试验的装置。制动尾架采用了丝杠传动,确定了传动丝杠的型号,并对其进行了校核。选择了直流伺服电机作为驱动系统,确定了直流伺服电机的型号并设计制动尾架滑动系统的结构,确定了制动尾架位置控制系统的硬件。论文最后对缩尺台架测控方案进行了简单的介绍。
[Abstract]:At present, the small sample test is the only method to test the braking performance of the brake block of the oil drilling rig. The small sample test only detects the brake block under the condition of constant speed and constant pressure, but the simulation of the working condition is poor. Bench test is an experiment to simulate the brake process of drilling rig with actual brake pairs, which can evaluate the performance of brake block comprehensively. However, the rig brake block test is difficult to be popularized because of the too large brake pair and the high cost of rig test. The shrinkage test based on the principle of similarity can be applied to the rig brake block bench test to solve the problem of too large brake pair of drilling rig. This paper focuses on how to carry out the rig test of the brake block of oil drilling rig. This paper summarizes the research status of the small sample test and the bench test, and systematically compares the small sample test and the bench test, and expounds the significance of the bench test of the brake block of the oil drilling rig. In order to enhance the simulation of bench test, the working conditions of brake pairs in drilling process of oil drilling rig are analyzed in this paper. Based on the analysis of brake block working conditions, the paper determines the scale ratio constant of bench test simulation criterion and test parameters based on similarity principle, and calculates the test parameters of disc brake bench with 40 drilling machines as an example. Considering that some drilling rigs are still equipped with belt brake, the test parameters of belt brake bench with 130-2 rig are calculated. Based on the principle of similarity, the paper designs the brake block of the rig bench test, compares the overlap coefficient of the brake block with the overlap coefficient of the brake block of the drill rig, and calculates the position of the center of mass to determine the friction radius. According to the volume of heat absorbed by the scale brake disc, the shape and size of the scale brake disc are determined. This paper introduces the components of the scale stand of the brake block of drill rig, and designs the transmission arrangement of the scale bench. The brake tail of the scale bench is a device to transfer the brake block to the brake disc for testing. The brake tail frame is driven by lead screw, the type of drive lead screw is determined and checked. The DC servo motor is selected as the driving system, the model of the DC servo motor is determined, the structure of the sliding system of the brake tail frame is designed, and the hardware of the position control system of the brake tail frame is determined. At the end of the paper, the measurement and control scheme of the scale bench is introduced briefly.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE922

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