油层砂石孔隙内原油燃烧的模拟与实验研究
发布时间：2018-12-24 13:43
【摘要】：火烧油层是一种具有明显技术优势和潜力的热力采油方法,具有油藏适应范围广采收率高等优势。近年来由于石油能源的逐渐枯竭,火烧油层越来越受到国内外学者的重视,但是由于其在地下进行,在监控和操作方面有很大难度,而且原油在地下油层内的燃烧过程非常复杂、燃烧机理尚未清楚,因此对火烧油层的研究是十分必要的。本文采用数值模拟和实验研究相结合的方法,探索地下油层内原油点燃和稳定燃烧的机理。针对地下油层砂石孔隙型多孔介质的结构特点,建立了多孔介质内原油燃烧的一维与二维传热模型；在原油的基本特性实验基础上,通过搭建多孔介质原油燃烧实验台,研究原油在砂石孔隙多孔介质内的燃烧特性,旨在了解地下油层的燃烧机理。根据地下砂石油层的孔隙结构特点与火烧油层燃烧的传热机理,将火烧油层燃烧过程简化为原油在惰性多孔介质内燃烧的过程,建立了含移动内热源的传热模型,利用Matlab软件对微分方程进行求解,得到了砂石型多孔介质中原油燃烧的温度分布规律,分析了注气速度、原油的饱和度、孔隙率及预热温度等参数对火烧油层温度分布的影响,结果表明：在着火之后,随燃烧进行,燃烧区域呈扩大趋势且高温区不断向前移动,出现明显的特征温度分区,燃烧最高温度保持相对稳定,燃烧波传播速度在0.1m/h量级,燃烧波传播速度与注气速度接近正比关系,模拟结果与实验结果较为吻合,证明了模型的有效性；以模拟结果为指导,确定了能够保证原油顺利点火并稳定燃烧的注气速度、孔隙率和饱和度等参数,为实验工作奠定基础。针对燃烧实验所用原油,进行了与燃烧密切相关的物性参数测量实验。实验包括原油粘度测量实验、原油热重实验及原油蒸馏实验。分析了原油粘度随温度变化的规律,并分别采用Coasts-Redfern法、Segal法、普适积分法等多种方法对热重曲线及微商热重曲线进行了分析,得到了原油燃烧不同阶段的动力学参数。结果表明：Coasts-Redfer法在低温段无法求得合理的动力学参数,且在高温段的活化能及指前因子偏低,Segal法求得的活化能偏高,通过热重实验计算的原油氧化反应动力学参数可以作为数值计算的重要数据。搭建了火烧油层室内模拟实验台,并进行了三次燃烧实验,实现了原油的自点火稳定燃烧。结果表明,燃烧最高温度可达1210K；燃烧室中心区域温度稳定在750K左右,持续时间约为4小时；热源位置过高或燃烧后供气量不足会导致熄火发生,低供气量下原油燃烧波很难向前推进,热源位置与空气入口应尽量布置在油层底部。
[Abstract]:The burning reservoir is a kind of thermal oil recovery method with obvious technical advantages and potential, which has the advantages of wide reservoir adaptability and high oil recovery. In recent years, due to the gradual depletion of petroleum energy, more and more scholars at home and abroad pay attention to the burning reservoir, but because it is carried out underground, it is very difficult to monitor and operate. Moreover, the combustion process of crude oil in underground reservoir is very complex, and the combustion mechanism is not clear, so it is necessary to study the burning oil layer. In this paper, the mechanism of ignition and steady combustion of crude oil in underground reservoir is explored by means of numerical simulation and experimental study. According to the structural characteristics of porous media of sand and stone in underground reservoir, a heat transfer model of one and two dimensions of crude oil combustion in porous medium is established. On the basis of the experiment of the basic characteristics of crude oil, the combustion characteristics of crude oil in porous media of sand and stone were studied by means of setting up a test bench for the combustion of porous crude oil in order to understand the combustion mechanism of underground reservoir. According to the pore structure characteristics of underground sand and stone reservoir and the heat transfer mechanism of burning oil layer, the combustion process of burning oil layer is simplified as the process of crude oil burning in inert porous medium, and a heat transfer model containing moving internal heat source is established. By using Matlab software to solve the differential equation, the temperature distribution of crude oil combustion in porous media of sand and stone type is obtained, and the effects of gas injection velocity, oil saturation, porosity and preheating temperature on the temperature distribution of burning oil layer are analyzed. The results show that after ignition, the combustion region tends to expand and the high temperature region moves forward continuously, with obvious characteristic temperature zones, and the maximum combustion temperature remains relatively stable. The velocity of combustion wave propagation is in the order of 0.1m/h, and the velocity of combustion wave propagation is close to the velocity of gas injection. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which proves the validity of the model. Under the guidance of the simulation results, the parameters of gas injection velocity, porosity and saturation, which can ensure the smooth ignition and steady combustion of crude oil, are determined, which lays a foundation for the experimental work. The physical properties of crude oil which are closely related to combustion are measured. The experiment includes viscosity measurement experiment, thermogravimetric test and distillation experiment. The variation of crude oil viscosity with temperature was analyzed, and the thermogravimetric curves and microquotient thermogravimetric curves were analyzed by Coasts-Redfern method, Segal method and universal integration method, respectively. The kinetic parameters of different stages of crude oil combustion were obtained. The results show that the Coasts-Redfer method can not obtain reasonable kinetic parameters at low temperature, and the activation energy and pre-exponential factor are low in the high temperature section, and the activation energy obtained by Segal method is higher than that obtained by Segal method. The kinetic parameters of oxidation reaction of crude oil calculated by thermogravimetric experiments can be used as important data for numerical calculation. An indoor simulation test bench was set up and three combustion experiments were carried out to realize the stable combustion of crude oil by self-ignition. The results show that the maximum combustion temperature can reach 1210K, the temperature in the central region of the combustion chamber is about 750K, and the duration is about 4 hours. If the heat source is too high or the gas supply is insufficient after combustion, the flameout will occur, the combustion wave of crude oil will be difficult to push forward under the low gas supply, and the position of the heat source and the air inlet should be arranged at the bottom of the reservoir as far as possible.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE357.44
本文编号：2390699
[Abstract]:The burning reservoir is a kind of thermal oil recovery method with obvious technical advantages and potential, which has the advantages of wide reservoir adaptability and high oil recovery. In recent years, due to the gradual depletion of petroleum energy, more and more scholars at home and abroad pay attention to the burning reservoir, but because it is carried out underground, it is very difficult to monitor and operate. Moreover, the combustion process of crude oil in underground reservoir is very complex, and the combustion mechanism is not clear, so it is necessary to study the burning oil layer. In this paper, the mechanism of ignition and steady combustion of crude oil in underground reservoir is explored by means of numerical simulation and experimental study. According to the structural characteristics of porous media of sand and stone in underground reservoir, a heat transfer model of one and two dimensions of crude oil combustion in porous medium is established. On the basis of the experiment of the basic characteristics of crude oil, the combustion characteristics of crude oil in porous media of sand and stone were studied by means of setting up a test bench for the combustion of porous crude oil in order to understand the combustion mechanism of underground reservoir. According to the pore structure characteristics of underground sand and stone reservoir and the heat transfer mechanism of burning oil layer, the combustion process of burning oil layer is simplified as the process of crude oil burning in inert porous medium, and a heat transfer model containing moving internal heat source is established. By using Matlab software to solve the differential equation, the temperature distribution of crude oil combustion in porous media of sand and stone type is obtained, and the effects of gas injection velocity, oil saturation, porosity and preheating temperature on the temperature distribution of burning oil layer are analyzed. The results show that after ignition, the combustion region tends to expand and the high temperature region moves forward continuously, with obvious characteristic temperature zones, and the maximum combustion temperature remains relatively stable. The velocity of combustion wave propagation is in the order of 0.1m/h, and the velocity of combustion wave propagation is close to the velocity of gas injection. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which proves the validity of the model. Under the guidance of the simulation results, the parameters of gas injection velocity, porosity and saturation, which can ensure the smooth ignition and steady combustion of crude oil, are determined, which lays a foundation for the experimental work. The physical properties of crude oil which are closely related to combustion are measured. The experiment includes viscosity measurement experiment, thermogravimetric test and distillation experiment. The variation of crude oil viscosity with temperature was analyzed, and the thermogravimetric curves and microquotient thermogravimetric curves were analyzed by Coasts-Redfern method, Segal method and universal integration method, respectively. The kinetic parameters of different stages of crude oil combustion were obtained. The results show that the Coasts-Redfer method can not obtain reasonable kinetic parameters at low temperature, and the activation energy and pre-exponential factor are low in the high temperature section, and the activation energy obtained by Segal method is higher than that obtained by Segal method. The kinetic parameters of oxidation reaction of crude oil calculated by thermogravimetric experiments can be used as important data for numerical calculation. An indoor simulation test bench was set up and three combustion experiments were carried out to realize the stable combustion of crude oil by self-ignition. The results show that the maximum combustion temperature can reach 1210K, the temperature in the central region of the combustion chamber is about 750K, and the duration is about 4 hours. If the heat source is too high or the gas supply is insufficient after combustion, the flameout will occur, the combustion wave of crude oil will be difficult to push forward under the low gas supply, and the position of the heat source and the air inlet should be arranged at the bottom of the reservoir as far as possible.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE357.44
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