天车升沉补偿试验台设计研究

发布时间：2018-12-29 17:40

【摘要】：在深海进行钻井作业时,浮式钻井船以及半潜式平台在波浪的作用下产生纵荡、横荡、升沉、纵摇、横摇和艏摇6个自由度的运动。其中平台的升沉运动会带动钻柱产生周期性的往复运动,引起井底钻压的变化,降低了钻井的效率,增加了钻井的成本,降低了钻头的寿命,海况恶略时,甚至会使钻头脱离井底,引发钻井事故。因此,需要在浮式钻井平台上配备专门的升沉补偿装置,以抵消钻井平台的升沉运动,保证钻柱的垂直位置保持不变,使钻井作业顺利进行。根据天车升沉补偿装置原型的结构参数以及负载、补偿位移等工作参数,利用相似原理确定了天车升沉补偿系统试验台的负载、补偿高度等设计参数。然后确定了一个设计方案能够在实验室条件下对天车升沉补偿装置的补偿效果进行验证,并完成了试验台液压系统的设计。根据系统的负载等设计参数,基于Simulink建立了天车的受力分析模型,计算出了复合式升沉补偿缸对天车的作用力,确定了复合式升沉补偿缸的被动补偿腔的工作面积,然后根据复合式升沉补偿缸的输出力及被动补偿腔的工作面积,基于Simulink建立了蓄能器容积与升沉补偿系统的功率的计算模型,计算结果表明蓄能器体积为200L时能耗较低并且占用平台空间较小。然后根据升沉补偿缸的受力以及系统的工作压力,参照机械设计手册确定了复合式升沉补偿缸的外缸、内缸以及内缸柱塞的内外径、壁厚、缸底厚度、油口尺寸、缸盖尺寸以及长度等结构参数。然后根据受力、工作原理等完成了升沉补偿缸密封件、负载模拟缸以及升沉模拟缸等标准元件的选取。并且利用SolidWorks软件建立了试验台各个元件的模型的建立以及总体模型的装配。将建立好的三维模型导入到ADAMS软件中,建立了试验台的机械仿真模型;然后利用AMESim软件建立了试验台的液压系统的仿真模型,然后利用两个软件完成了联合仿真模型的建立。通过对联合仿真模型的运行,得到了试验台的补偿效果、能耗仿真结果。仿真结果表明,被动式升沉补偿补偿效果不太好,主动式和半主动式升沉补偿补偿效果较好;半主动式升沉补偿的相对于主动式升沉补偿大大降低了系统的能耗;半主动升沉补偿中随着蓄能器体积的增大系统的能耗逐渐变小。
[Abstract]:In deep-sea drilling operations, floating drilling vessels and semi-submersible platforms move with six degrees of freedom under the action of waves, such as longitudinal, swaying, heave, pitching, rolling and yawing. Among them, the platform heaving sports drive the drill string to produce periodic reciprocating motion, cause the change of bottom hole drilling pressure, reduce the drilling efficiency, increase the drilling cost, reduce the drill bit life, when the sea condition is bad, It may even cause the bit to escape from the bottom of the well, causing a drilling accident. Therefore, it is necessary to install special heave compensation device on floating drilling platform to counteract the heave motion of drilling platform, ensure the vertical position of drill string to remain unchanged, and make the drilling operation go smoothly. According to the structural parameters of the prototype of the crane heave compensation device as well as the working parameters such as load compensation displacement and so on the design parameters such as load compensation height and so on are determined by using the similarity principle. Then a design scheme is determined to verify the compensation effect of crane heave compensation device under laboratory conditions, and the design of hydraulic system of test bench is completed. According to the design parameters such as the load of the system, the force analysis model of the crane is established based on Simulink, the force of the compound heave compensation cylinder on the crane is calculated, and the working area of the passive compensation chamber of the compound heave compensation cylinder is determined. Then according to the output force of the compound heave compensation cylinder and the working area of the passive compensation chamber, the calculation model of the accumulator volume and the power of the heave compensation system is established based on Simulink. The results show that the energy consumption of accumulator is low and the space of platform is small when the volume of accumulator is 200L. Then according to the force of the heave compensation cylinder and the working pressure of the system, according to the mechanical design manual, the inner and outer diameter, wall thickness, cylinder bottom thickness, oil port size of the compound heave compensation cylinder, the inner cylinder and the inner cylinder plunger are determined. Cylinder head size and length and other structural parameters. Then, according to the force and working principle, the seal of the heave compensation cylinder, the load simulated cylinder and the heave simulation cylinder are selected. The model of each component and the assembly of the whole model are established by using SolidWorks software. The mechanical simulation model of the test bed is established by importing the established 3D model into the ADAMS software, and then the hydraulic system simulation model of the test bed is established by using the AMESim software, and the joint simulation model is established by using the two softwares. Through the operation of the joint simulation model, the compensation effect of the test bed and the simulation results of energy consumption are obtained. The simulation results show that the passive heave compensation effect is not good, the active and semi-active heave compensation effect is better, the semi-active heave compensation greatly reduces the energy consumption of the system compared with the active heave compensation. In semi-active heave compensation, the energy consumption of the system becomes smaller with the increase of accumulator volume.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE951

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