辽宁省LNG项目建设中的风险分析与管理

发布时间：2019-01-10 19:18

【摘要】：当前,人们对作为清洁能源的天然气越来越重视,天然气已经成为了很多国家燃料的首选。在全世界生产与贸易中,压缩天然气(CNG)与液化天然气(LNG)越来越活跃,作为清洁能源已经成为全球油汽业的重要内容。LNG项目的建设,可以有效地改变城市出租车、公交车以及物流长途客车以汽油和柴油为燃料的局面,减少车辆排放的大量的CO、NOx、HC等有毒气体,改善大气环境,实现“节能减排保护环境”的目标。同时按照国家能源结构调整的要求,在其他新能源汽车发展技术尚存在技术缺陷产业化发展尚不成熟尚无法大规模实现燃油汽车替代的情况下。天然气汽车将得到大规模的推广,与此相关的LNG建设有着广阔的市场前景和潜力。本文在对已经建成的LNG加气站的调研分析的基础上,结合辽宁省的实际情况,对LNG加气站在建设过程中可能遇到的风险加以分析,提出相关的建议,为辽宁省LNG加气站的建设提供借鉴和参考。通过研究,本文主要得到以下结论:(1)当前市场竞争出现了新的局面,国内的石油公司面对的竞争来自于国内外。因此,为了应对竞争需要采取一定的措施:对销售策略进行不断的优化,对加气站的管理工作逐渐的规范,从而使得现代营销体制得以构建。信息化建设速度要加快,构建专业信息系统,实现产品批发,物流配送、零售、服务以及财务的有机融合。对传统竞争下的管理、服务以及营销的观念进行改变。使得业务竞争能力不断的提高。(2)质量安全环保风险的管理。安全规范需要严格执行,各项安全措施、消防措施需要认真执行;整体整改的过程中,需要基于国家的相关的规范以及政策进行,从而使得财产、环境、人身安全等得到保护。(3)价格风险。作为政府指导价格的成品油及天然气的价格,价格需要由政府指定。由于成品油、天然气属不可再生资源,且十年内不会被大幅度取代,其价格风险较小。(4)法律法规风险管理。国资委在2006年12月实施了《关于推进国有资本调整和国有企业重组指导意见》,把军工、电信、电网电力、航运、煤炭、石油石化、民航等定位为与国家的安全和国民经济命脉有直接关系的行业,因此,对于这些行业,国家具有决定的控制力。企业政策法律风险比较小。
[Abstract]:At present, people pay more and more attention to natural gas as a clean energy, natural gas has become the first choice of fuel in many countries. In the world production and trade, compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) have become more and more active. As a clean energy, it has become an important part of the global oil and gas industry. The construction of the LNG project can effectively change urban taxis. With gasoline and diesel as fuel, buses and long-distance buses can reduce the amount of CO,NOx,HC and other toxic gases emitted by vehicles, improve the atmospheric environment, and achieve the goal of "saving energy and reducing emissions to protect the environment". At the same time, according to the requirements of national energy structure adjustment, under the condition that other new energy vehicle development technologies still exist technical defects, industrialization development is not yet mature and can not realize the large-scale replacement of fuel vehicles. Natural gas vehicles will be popularized on a large scale, and the related LNG construction has a broad market prospect and potential. On the basis of the investigation and analysis of the LNG filling station that has been built, this paper analyzes the risks that may be encountered in the construction of the LNG filling station, and puts forward some relevant suggestions according to the actual situation in Liaoning Province. It provides reference and reference for the construction of LNG filling station in Liaoning province. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) there is a new situation in the current market competition, and the domestic oil companies face the competition from home and abroad. Therefore, in order to cope with the competition, we need to take certain measures: to optimize the sales strategy, to regulate the management of the gas filling station gradually, so that the modern marketing system can be constructed. The speed of information construction should be quickened, and professional information system should be constructed to realize the organic integration of product wholesale, logistics and distribution, retail, service and finance. Change the concept of management, service and marketing under traditional competition. Make the business competitive ability to improve continuously. (2) quality, safety and environmental risk management. Safety regulations need to be strictly implemented, all safety measures, fire control measures need to be seriously implemented; In the whole process of rectification, it needs to be based on the relevant national norms and policies, so as to protect property, environment, personal safety and so on. (3) Price risk. Prices for refined oil and natural gas, which are government-directed prices, need to be set by the government. Natural gas is a non-renewable resource due to refined oil, and will not be replaced by a large margin in ten years, and its price risk is relatively small. (4) risk management of laws and regulations. In December 2006, the SASAC implemented the "guidelines on promoting the Adjustment of State-owned Capital and the reorganization of State-owned Enterprises," which included military industry, telecommunications, power grid, shipping, coal, petroleum and petrochemicals. Civil aviation and other industries are directly related to national security and national economic lifeline. Therefore, the state has decisive control over these industries. The legal risk of enterprise policy is relatively small.
【学位授予单位】：长春工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE4

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