煤焦油破乳剂破乳机理研究

发布时间：2019-01-28 18:46

【摘要】：本论文中,依据原油破乳脱水的方法和机理,对煤焦油的破乳脱水性能进行了探究,深入了解了加入不同破乳剂对煤焦油破乳脱水的作用情况,进一步研究了含氟破乳剂的界面吸附机理以及扩张流变等过程。论文中的第一部分,以非离子表面活性剂Span/Tween为破乳剂,研究了破乳剂HLB值、浓度对含水煤焦油体系脱水性能的影响规律。此外,还研究了含氟超支化聚合物在含水煤焦油体系中的破乳性能。本实验首先测定了煤焦油-水体系中不加任何破乳剂时的分水情况,与加入Span/Tween破乳剂的煤焦油-水体系进行对比。加入破乳剂后,降低了界面膜的粘弹性,使得液滴聚集,明显可以加快煤焦油破乳脱水的时间,最终油水分离。此外,不同浓度的同一种破乳剂对煤焦油破乳脱水情况产生不同的影响；同一浓度时,不同HLB值的破乳剂对煤焦油破乳脱水的影响也不尽相同。破乳剂的HLB值越接近最佳HLB值时,煤焦油的破乳脱水效果越好；反之,则煤焦油的破乳脱水效果较差。以含氟的表面活性剂作为破乳剂也可以提高煤焦油的破乳效果,本论文中测定了具有不同长度含氟链段的表面活性剂对煤焦油破乳脱水性能的影响,最后得出了链段长度与煤焦油破乳脱水性能的关系。论文中的第二部分,主要研究了含氟超支化聚醚的界面行为和破乳机理。本实验主要对三种含氟表面活性剂在氯仿-水体系中的界面吸附机理、聚集行为、扩张流变等特性进行了研究,探讨了分子结构、链段长度等与界面张力之间的关系。首先,分别测定了不同浓度的三种含氟表面活性剂的动态界面张力随时间的变化关系；其次,分别测定了每种含氟表面活性剂达到排布平衡时的界面张力随浓度的关系,研究了含氟表面活性剂的界面吸附机理并得到了一系列相关参数。动态光散射结果显示了该表面活性剂在溶液中主要以单分子胶束的形式存在。此外,在一定的频率范围内,对三种含氟表面活性剂的模量随浓度的变化情况进行测定,进一步研究含氟表面活性剂的界面性能。
[Abstract]:In this paper, according to the method and mechanism of crude oil demulsification and dehydration, the demulsification and dehydration performance of coal tar was studied, and the effect of adding different demulsifiers on coal tar demulsification and dehydration was deeply understood. The interfacial adsorption mechanism of fluorine-containing demulsifiers and the process of dilation and rheology were further studied. In the first part of the thesis, the influence of HLB value and concentration of demulsifier on the dehydration performance of water-containing coal tar system was studied with Nonionic surfactant Span/Tween as demulsifier. In addition, the demulsification properties of fluorine-containing hyperbranched polymers in aqueous coal tar systems were studied. The water partition of coal tar water system without any demulsifier was first determined and compared with that of coal tar water system with Span/Tween demulsifier. The addition of demulsifier reduces the viscoelasticity of the interfacial film and makes the droplets gather, which can obviously accelerate the time of demulsification and dehydration of coal tar, and finally separate the oil and water. In addition, different concentrations of the same demulsifier have different effects on the demulsification and dehydration of coal tar, and at the same concentration, the demulsifiers with different HLB values have different effects on the demulsification and dehydration of coal tar. When the HLB value of demulsifier is close to the optimum HLB value, the demulsification and dehydration effect of coal tar is better, whereas the demulsification dehydration effect of coal tar is poor. Using fluorine-containing surfactant as demulsifier can also improve the demulsifying effect of coal tar. In this paper, the effect of surfactant with different length of fluorine chain on the demulsification and dehydration performance of coal tar was measured. Finally, the relationship between chain length and coal tar demulsification and dehydration performance is obtained. In the second part, the interface behavior and demulsification mechanism of fluorinated hyperbranched polyether were studied. In this experiment, the interfacial adsorption mechanism, aggregation behavior and expansion rheology of three fluorinated surfactants in chloroform-water system were studied, and the relationship between interfacial tension and molecular structure, length of chain, etc. Firstly, the dynamic interfacial tension of three kinds of fluorine-containing surfactants with different concentrations was measured. Secondly, the relationship between the interfacial tension and the concentration of each fluorine-containing surfactant was measured, and the adsorption mechanism of the fluorine-containing surfactant was studied and a series of related parameters were obtained. The dynamic light scattering results show that the surfactant mainly exists in the form of monomolecular micelles in the solution. In addition, in a certain frequency range, the moduli of three fluorinated surfactants were determined with the change of concentration, and the interfacial properties of fluorinated surfactants were further studied.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE39

【参考文献】