水力喷砂射孔压裂联作技术方法研究

发布时间：2019-02-18 14:15

【摘要】：射孔完井法是石油工程中最常用的钻完井方法。由于常规射孔完井方式不仅产生的孔眼深度比较浅,而且还会在孔眼周围形成压实的污染带,该压实带的形成将会降低油气渗透率,从而严重阻碍了原油向井内的流动。鉴于以上原因我们可以采用水力喷砂射孔压裂技术。水力喷砂射孔压裂技术是一种将喷砂射孔、水力压裂且酸化、水力封隔这三种技术应用于一体的新式的增产改造技术。水力喷砂射孔压裂联作技术由水力喷射和压裂两种技术联合起来组成,射孔位置就是裂缝起裂的位置是它最大的一个特点。水力喷砂射孔技术是依据连续性方程,并且通过喷嘴变径来达到增速目的。具体操作是在携砂液体当中加入了一定比例的磨料,通过地面泵车对携砂液进行加压,经由油管将其传送到井下的射孔装置内,在地层部位进行射孔,使得油层与井筒之间建立流动性孔道。从根本上说水力喷砂压裂技术是依据了伯努利方程的原理,先将高压流体的势能转化成为动能,实现定点增压,通过高速流体在地层岩石中形成孔洞并直接作用于孔洞底部,再将动能转化成势能,产生了高于地层破裂压力的压势,在地层中造出裂缝并携砂,以达到提高储层导流能力的目的。本文就水力喷砂射孔机理、水力喷射压裂机理展开讨论,从理论上阐述了水力喷射压裂的可行性与先进性,并对喷射压裂工艺控制的一些环节进行论述。通过一系列的比较和研究对水利喷砂射孔压裂联作技术进行了要点分析,同时找到适合的工具参数以及合理的喷射压裂工具整体方案设计和改进方法。本文着重解决了喷嘴、枪体磨损等一系列问题,提供了水力喷砂压裂工具所需要的喷嘴的流道形状和几何尺寸优选方案,得出最合理的喷嘴结构及其参数。同时也解决了老井改造、重复压裂、诱导裂缝方向等几个压裂问题。
[Abstract]:Perforation completion is the most commonly used drilling and completion method in petroleum engineering. Because the normal perforation completion method not only produces shallow hole depth, but also forms compaction pollution zone around the hole, the formation of the compaction zone will reduce the oil and gas permeability, thus seriously hindering the flow of crude oil to the well. In view of the above reasons, we can use hydraulic sand blasting perforation fracturing technology. Hydraulic sand blasting perforation fracturing technology is a new technology of increasing production by applying the three techniques of sand blasting perforation, hydraulic fracturing and acidizing, hydraulic sealing and so on. The combined technique of hydraulic sand blasting and perforation fracturing is composed of two kinds of fracturing techniques: hydraulic injection and fracturing. The location of perforation is the location of fracture initiation, which is one of its greatest characteristics. Hydraulic sand blasting perforation technology is based on the continuity equation, and the nozzle diameter change to achieve the purpose of growth. The concrete operation is that a certain proportion of abrasive is added to the sand carrying liquid, and the sand carrying fluid is pressurized through the surface pump car, and it is transported to the perforating device in the underground through the tubing to perforate in the formation part. Make the formation and wellbore between the establishment of a fluidity hole. Fundamentally speaking, the hydraulic sand blasting fracturing technology is based on the principle of Bernoulli equation, the potential energy of high pressure fluid is first converted into kinetic energy, and the pressure is increased at a fixed point, and the holes are formed in the formation rock by high speed fluid and acted directly on the bottom of the hole. Then the kinetic energy is converted into potential energy, which produces a pressure potential higher than the formation fracture pressure, creates fractures and carries sand in the formation, in order to improve the reservoir conductivity. This paper discusses the mechanism of hydraulic sand blasting perforation and hydraulic jet fracturing, expounds the feasibility and advanced nature of hydraulic jet fracturing in theory, and discusses some links in the control of jet fracturing technology. Through a series of comparison and research, this paper analyzes the key points of the combined technique of sand blasting and perforation fracturing in water conservancy, and finds out the suitable tool parameters as well as the reasonable overall scheme design and improvement method of the injection fracturing tool. In this paper, a series of problems such as nozzle wear and gun body wear are solved, and the optimum selection scheme of nozzle flow channel shape and geometry size for hydraulic sand blasting fracturing tool is provided, and the most reasonable nozzle structure and its parameters are obtained. At the same time, several fracturing problems such as old well reconstruction, repeated fracturing and induced fracture direction are solved.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TE357.1

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