礁滩储层的精细刻画研究
发布时间：2019-03-06 15:10
【摘要】：地质学研究中,人们对礁有着广泛的兴趣。因为这种特殊的生成物有很大的实用价值,国内外的地质学家们针对生物礁做了大量的研究,涉及到生物礁的概念、成因、结构、类型、相带划分等,取得了丰硕的成果。地球物理工作者也对生物礁的地震识别做了研究,总结了生物礁的地震响应特征。同时,生物礁的预测技术也逐渐发展起来。地震反射结构分析、地震属性和三维可视化解释构成了生物礁定性预测和评价的主要技术系列。本文利用地质、地震和井资料,并综合前人研究结果,对阿姆河右岸A区块进行了生物礁的精细刻画。生物礁具有典型的地球物理响应特征。在地震时间剖面上,生物礁往往具有隆起的丘状外形,顶、底面具有较强的反射界面,礁体的上覆地层有时会形成披覆,内部杂乱或近似成层等特征。生物礁的地震反射结构在外形、内部、顶界面以及周缘都有其特殊性。在自然伽玛、地层倾角、成像测井等曲线上常常出现异常变化,寻找这些典型特征是识别生物礁的主要手段。土库曼斯坦天然气储量居世界第四位,阿姆河盆地为其主要产气区。A区块位于阿姆河盆地右岸。在了解了区域沉积地质概况的情况下,对研究区原始资料进行了详细地分析,总结了地震数据处理的难点,制定了研究思路。通过参数试验,确定了一套处理流程。经过针对性的处理,得到了提高目的层信噪比的处理结果,该成果较为真实地反映了该区地质结构和地下构造特征。在目的层精细层位标定和对比的基础上,总结出主要反射层的地震特征。通过多属性综合解释,查清了区块断裂系统特征。区域内发育两组断裂系统,分别是北东走向和近东西走向。在卡洛夫-牛津阶发现十个构造圈闭,总面积共284.4km2。通过地震属性分析技术和波阻抗反演等技术,对研究区进行碳酸盐岩储层预测,精细研究生物礁体的分布范围。区域内礁体主要成条带状北东向展布,有利储集体总面积约107km2。通过叠后裂缝检测分析,发现受地区应力作用的影响,本区裂缝非常发育,裂缝发育区主要集中在东部和南部地区。为了对本区裂缝分布规律进行准确的刻画,建议进行叠前裂缝检测,为后期的开发做准备。综合上述研究结果,对阿姆河盆地A区块生物礁的有利含油气区做了探索,对发现落实的圈闭进行了评价,优选出有利区块,为下一步的勘探部署提出了建议。
[Abstract]:In the study of geology, people have a wide interest in the reef. Because of the great practical value of this special product, geologists at home and abroad have made a great deal of research on the reefs, which involved the concept, origin, structure, type and division of the reefs, and made great achievements. The geophysical workers also studied the seismic recognition of the reefs, and summarized the seismic response characteristics of the reefs. At the same time, the technology of the biological reef is gradually developed. The seismic reflection structure analysis, the seismic attribute and the three-dimensional visual interpretation constitute the main technical series of the qualitative prediction and evaluation of the biological reef. In this paper, the geological, seismic and well data are used, and the results of previous studies have been integrated, and a fine depiction of the biological reef is carried out on the A-block of the right bank of Amu Darya. The reefs have typical geophysical response characteristics. On the cross-section of the seismic time, the reef often has a ridge-like shape, the top and the bottom surface have a strong reflection interface, and the overlying strata of the reef body can sometimes form features such as cladding, internal disorder or approximate layering. The seismic reflection structure of the biological reef has its particularity in the form, interior, top interface and periphery. There are often abnormal changes in natural gamma, formation dip angle, imaging logging, and so on, and finding these typical features is the main means to identify the biological reef. The natural gas reserves of Turkmenistan are the fourth place in the world, and the Amu Darya basin is its main gas production area. A block is located on the right bank of the Amu Darya basin. In this paper, the original data of the research area is analyzed in detail, and the difficulty of the seismic data processing is summarized, and the research ideas are set up. A set of process flow is determined by the parameter test. The results of improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the target layer are obtained through the targeted treatment. The results show that the geological structure and the underground structural characteristics of this area are more and more realistic. On the basis of the fine horizon calibration and contrast of the target layer, the seismic characteristics of the main reflection layer are summarized. Through the multi-attribute comprehensive interpretation, the characteristics of the block fault system are determined. In the region, two groups of fracture systems are developed, which are the north-east trend and the near-east trend, respectively. Ten structural traps are found at the Karov-Oxford level, with a total area of 284.4km2. Through the technique of seismic attribute analysis and wave impedance inversion, the study area is predicted by carbonate reservoir, and the distribution range of the biological reef body is studied. The reef body in the region is mainly distributed in the belt-like north-east, and the total area of the reservoir is about 107 km2. Through post-stack crack detection and analysis, the effect of stress on the area is found, and the fracture is very developed, and the fracture development area is mainly concentrated in the east and the south. In order to describe the distribution of the fracture in this area, it is suggested to carry out pre-stack crack detection and prepare for later development. Based on the results of the above-mentioned research, an exploration is made to the favorable water-bearing area of the biological reef in the A-block of the Amu Darya basin, and the trap is evaluated, and the favorable block is preferred, and a suggestion is made for the next exploration and deployment.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13;P631.4
[Abstract]:In the study of geology, people have a wide interest in the reef. Because of the great practical value of this special product, geologists at home and abroad have made a great deal of research on the reefs, which involved the concept, origin, structure, type and division of the reefs, and made great achievements. The geophysical workers also studied the seismic recognition of the reefs, and summarized the seismic response characteristics of the reefs. At the same time, the technology of the biological reef is gradually developed. The seismic reflection structure analysis, the seismic attribute and the three-dimensional visual interpretation constitute the main technical series of the qualitative prediction and evaluation of the biological reef. In this paper, the geological, seismic and well data are used, and the results of previous studies have been integrated, and a fine depiction of the biological reef is carried out on the A-block of the right bank of Amu Darya. The reefs have typical geophysical response characteristics. On the cross-section of the seismic time, the reef often has a ridge-like shape, the top and the bottom surface have a strong reflection interface, and the overlying strata of the reef body can sometimes form features such as cladding, internal disorder or approximate layering. The seismic reflection structure of the biological reef has its particularity in the form, interior, top interface and periphery. There are often abnormal changes in natural gamma, formation dip angle, imaging logging, and so on, and finding these typical features is the main means to identify the biological reef. The natural gas reserves of Turkmenistan are the fourth place in the world, and the Amu Darya basin is its main gas production area. A block is located on the right bank of the Amu Darya basin. In this paper, the original data of the research area is analyzed in detail, and the difficulty of the seismic data processing is summarized, and the research ideas are set up. A set of process flow is determined by the parameter test. The results of improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the target layer are obtained through the targeted treatment. The results show that the geological structure and the underground structural characteristics of this area are more and more realistic. On the basis of the fine horizon calibration and contrast of the target layer, the seismic characteristics of the main reflection layer are summarized. Through the multi-attribute comprehensive interpretation, the characteristics of the block fault system are determined. In the region, two groups of fracture systems are developed, which are the north-east trend and the near-east trend, respectively. Ten structural traps are found at the Karov-Oxford level, with a total area of 284.4km2. Through the technique of seismic attribute analysis and wave impedance inversion, the study area is predicted by carbonate reservoir, and the distribution range of the biological reef body is studied. The reef body in the region is mainly distributed in the belt-like north-east, and the total area of the reservoir is about 107 km2. Through post-stack crack detection and analysis, the effect of stress on the area is found, and the fracture is very developed, and the fracture development area is mainly concentrated in the east and the south. In order to describe the distribution of the fracture in this area, it is suggested to carry out pre-stack crack detection and prepare for later development. Based on the results of the above-mentioned research, an exploration is made to the favorable water-bearing area of the biological reef in the A-block of the Amu Darya basin, and the trap is evaluated, and the favorable block is preferred, and a suggestion is made for the next exploration and deployment.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P618.13;P631.4
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