长距离输气管道自控系统设计与应用
发布时间：2019-03-08 09:21
【摘要】：管道运输是用管道作为运输工具的一种长距离输送液体和气体物资的输送方式。它不仅运输量大、连续、迅速、安全、平稳,而且投资少、占地少、费用低。天然气作为一种清洁能源具有密度小、体积大,可压缩的特点,因而管道输送几乎成了天然气远距离输送的唯一方式。长距离输气管道线路长,穿越地区人烟稀少,环境恶劣,为了保证管道的安全运营,提高天然气的输送效率,需要对长输管道实行自动化生产和经营管理。本文针对长输管道穿越区域广、涉及线路长的特点,为了实现管道的安全自动高效运营,设计了适用于长输管道的自控系统,实现对管道的集中控制。本文主要进行了以下工作：一、构建了稳定的系统通信网络。本工程通信系统采用一主一备结构,主通讯方式建设专用的光纤网络,备用通讯方式以利用公网为主,在公网覆盖不到的区域,利用专用卫星信道进行通信。二、根据站场的工艺要求,针对典型站场重点工艺区进行了控制方案的设计,由于长输管道大部分站场为合建站场,压缩机组需要联网运行,其载荷分配是压缩机控制程序需要面对的新问题,本章提出了压缩机组联网运行载荷分配控制方案,并设置防喘振系统。三、融入站场安全设计,提高了长距离输气管道安全运营效率。站场安全设计包括紧急停车系统设计和放空系统设计。紧急停车系统可以监测生产过程中出现的或者潜伏的危险,发出警告信息或直接执行预定程序,立即进入操作,防止事故的发生、降低事故带来的危害及其影响。放空系统是利用PHAST V6.53软件来仿真气体的扩散形式和热辐射形式,根据仿真结果设计站场和阀室的放空系统。
[Abstract]:Pipeline transportation is a long-distance transportation of liquid and gas materials using pipeline as a means of transportation. It is not only large, continuous, rapid, safe, stable, but also less investment, less land, low cost. As a kind of clean energy, natural gas has the characteristics of small density, large volume and compressibility, so pipeline transportation is almost the only way of long distance transportation of natural gas. Long-distance gas pipeline lines are long, there are few people through the area, and the environment is bad. In order to ensure the safe operation of the pipeline and improve the efficiency of natural gas transmission, it is necessary to carry out automatic production and management of the long-distance gas transmission pipeline. In order to realize the safe, automatic and efficient operation of long-distance pipeline, an automatic control system suitable for long-distance pipeline is designed to realize the centralized control of long-distance pipeline, aiming at the characteristics of long-distance pipeline traversing a wide area and involving long-distance transmission line. The main work of this paper is as follows: first, a stable system communication network is constructed. The communication system of the project adopts one main standby structure, the main communication mode is to construct a special optical fiber network, and the standby communication mode is based on the public network, and the special satellite channel is used to communicate in the area where the public network can not be covered. Second, according to the technical requirements of the station yard, the control scheme is designed for the key technology area of the typical station yard. Because most of the stations of the long-distance pipeline are co-built stations, the compressors need to be connected to the operation of the network. Its load distribution is a new problem to be faced by compressor control program. In this chapter, a load distribution control scheme for the networked operation of compressor units is proposed, and an anti-surge system is set up. Thirdly, the safety design of station yard improves the safe operation efficiency of long distance gas transmission pipeline. The safety design of station yard includes the design of emergency parking system and the design of emptying system. The emergency parking system can monitor the danger occurring or latent in the production process, issue warning message or directly execute the predetermined procedure, enter the operation immediately, prevent the accident from happening, and reduce the harm caused by the accident and its influence. The emptying system uses PHAST V6.53 software to simulate the form of gas diffusion and thermal radiation. According to the simulation results, the emptying system of station yard and valve chamber is designed.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE978
本文编号：2436665
[Abstract]:Pipeline transportation is a long-distance transportation of liquid and gas materials using pipeline as a means of transportation. It is not only large, continuous, rapid, safe, stable, but also less investment, less land, low cost. As a kind of clean energy, natural gas has the characteristics of small density, large volume and compressibility, so pipeline transportation is almost the only way of long distance transportation of natural gas. Long-distance gas pipeline lines are long, there are few people through the area, and the environment is bad. In order to ensure the safe operation of the pipeline and improve the efficiency of natural gas transmission, it is necessary to carry out automatic production and management of the long-distance gas transmission pipeline. In order to realize the safe, automatic and efficient operation of long-distance pipeline, an automatic control system suitable for long-distance pipeline is designed to realize the centralized control of long-distance pipeline, aiming at the characteristics of long-distance pipeline traversing a wide area and involving long-distance transmission line. The main work of this paper is as follows: first, a stable system communication network is constructed. The communication system of the project adopts one main standby structure, the main communication mode is to construct a special optical fiber network, and the standby communication mode is based on the public network, and the special satellite channel is used to communicate in the area where the public network can not be covered. Second, according to the technical requirements of the station yard, the control scheme is designed for the key technology area of the typical station yard. Because most of the stations of the long-distance pipeline are co-built stations, the compressors need to be connected to the operation of the network. Its load distribution is a new problem to be faced by compressor control program. In this chapter, a load distribution control scheme for the networked operation of compressor units is proposed, and an anti-surge system is set up. Thirdly, the safety design of station yard improves the safe operation efficiency of long distance gas transmission pipeline. The safety design of station yard includes the design of emergency parking system and the design of emptying system. The emergency parking system can monitor the danger occurring or latent in the production process, issue warning message or directly execute the predetermined procedure, enter the operation immediately, prevent the accident from happening, and reduce the harm caused by the accident and its influence. The emptying system uses PHAST V6.53 software to simulate the form of gas diffusion and thermal radiation. According to the simulation results, the emptying system of station yard and valve chamber is designed.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE978
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