刮切—冲击复合破岩工具技术研究

发布时间：2019-03-09 12:54

【摘要】：目前,随着深井、超深井钻井数量不断增多,深部地层钻进速度慢的问题日益突出。提高深部井段的高硬度、高研磨性和非均质地层钻进效率是目前油气钻井行业亟待解决的重要技术难题。因运动部件少且耐磨,PDC钻头用得较多,但目前PDC钻头钻进深部难钻地层出现打滑吃不进的现象,同时PDC齿磨损严重,钻井效率仍然不能满足要求。杨迎新等提出一种刮切-冲击复合式钻头技术,能够在有效提高破岩效率同时减缓切削齿的磨损速率,延长PDC切削齿的寿命,是解决深部难钻地层钻井效率低的有效手段之一。但目前该技术尚未进行任何形成的室内试验和现场试验,究其原因主要是缺少与该工具相匹配的冲击器。由于该技术对冲击器的防空打功能和冲头的限位功能有特殊要求,该工具不能直接配合现有油气钻井用冲击器使用,需要针对该技术进行改进或进行冲击器的个性化设计。此外,目前对刮切-冲击复合破岩机理仍然认识不清,同时缺乏刮切-冲击复合式钻头的设计理论与方法,因此复合破岩工具难以产品化。为使刮切-冲击复合式钻头技术能够尽快产品化并推向实际油气钻井应用,解决目前深部难钻地层钻进效率低的问题,同时,在保证技术可行性的前提下,扩大该技术的应用范围,使之能够同时应用于泥浆钻井和气体钻井,本文的研究内容如下： 1、研究气动冲击器设计理论与方法,为气动冲击器设计提供设计依据,以符合刮切-冲击复合式钻头对气动冲击器性能参数的个性化要求； 2、研究刮切-冲击复合破岩机理和刮切-冲击复合式钻头设计理论,为复合式钻头产品化和应用提供技术支持； 3、解决现有刮切-冲击复合式钻头结构功能设计存在的问题。
[Abstract]:At present, with the increase of the number of ultra-deep wells drilling in deep wells, the problem of low drilling speed in deep formations is becoming more and more prominent. It is an important technical problem to be solved in oil and gas drilling industry at present to improve the drilling efficiency of high hardness, high abrasiveness and heterogeneous formation of deep wells. Because of the few moving parts and wear-resisting, PDC bit is more used, but at present, the phenomenon that PDC bit is hard to drill in deep formation is not able to slip and eat, at the same time, the PDC tooth wear is serious, the drilling efficiency still can't meet the requirement. Yang Yingxin and others put forward a kind of scraping-impact composite bit technology, which can effectively improve rock breaking efficiency and slow down the wear rate of cutting teeth and prolong the life of PDC cutting teeth. It is one of the effective means to solve the low drilling efficiency in deep hard-to-drill formation. But at present, the technology has not carried out any laboratory test and field test, the main reason is the lack of impactor matching with the tool. Because of the special requirements for the air-defense function of the impactor and the position-limiting function of the puncher, the tool can not directly cooperate with the existing oil-gas drilling impactor, so it is necessary to improve the technology or carry on the individuation design of the impactor. In addition, the mechanism of scraping-impact composite rock-breaking is still unclear at present, and the design theory and method of scraping-impact composite bit are lacking, so it is difficult to produce composite rock-breaking tools. In order to make the scraper-impact composite bit technology be produced as soon as possible and applied to actual oil and gas drilling, the problem of low drilling efficiency in the deep hard-to-drill formation is solved. At the same time, on the premise of ensuring the technical feasibility, the drilling efficiency of deep hard-to-drill formation is solved. The research contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The design theory and method of pneumatic impactor are studied to provide the design basis for pneumatic impactor design. In order to meet the individual requirements of the scraper-impact composite drill to the performance parameters of the pneumatic impactor; 2. The mechanism of scraping-impact composite rock-breaking and the design theory of scraper-impact composite bit are studied in order to provide technical support for the production and application of composite bit. 3, to solve the problems existing in the structural and functional design of the existing scraper-impact composite bit.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE921

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