火灾环境下邻近油罐的热辐射分布规律模拟

发布时间：2019-04-04 13:44

【摘要】：油罐火热辐射是导致油罐火灾蔓延的主要因素,为此开展了邻近油罐受热辐射后罐壁热辐射通量分布特点的研究。基于油罐火焰特性和大直径池火灾模型相关研究成果,采用FDS软件建立大直径油罐火灾几何模型,分别模拟3 000 m3、5 000 m3、10 000 m3拱顶汽油罐的燃烧和传热过程,分析油罐燃烧参数的变化,得出L/D(L为油罐间距,D为油罐直径)分别为0.6、1.0、1.5时邻近油罐的热辐射通量分布规律。结果表明:火灾环境下邻近油罐正对着火罐方向罐壁受辐射作用最大,热辐射通量从罐顶至罐底逐渐降低,从中心向两边呈轴对称降低。当L/D相同时,3 000 m3油罐的热辐射通量最大,其次是5 000 m3、10 000 m3的油罐;而当油罐容积相同时,L/D越大,邻近油罐罐壁的热辐射通量越小。将FDS模拟计算得到的热辐射通量与理论计算值进行对比,发现模拟值与理论值相差较小且变化趋势一致。研究结果有助于油罐火灾的预防、控制及扑救,消防规范编制,以及储油罐区的设计。
[Abstract]:The heat radiation of oil tank fire is the main factor leading to the spread of oil tank fire. Therefore, the distribution characteristics of heat radiation flux on the wall of tank wall after being heated by heat radiation of nearby oil tank have been studied in this paper. Based on the research results of oil tank flame characteristics and large diameter tank fire model, the geometric model of large diameter tank fire is established by using FDS software. The combustion and heat transfer processes of 3 000 m 3, 5 000 m 3 and 10 000 m 3 vaulted gasoline tanks are simulated respectively. The variation of combustion parameters of oil tank is analyzed, and the distribution rule of heat radiation flux near oil tank is obtained when L is the distance between oil tanks and D is the diameter of oil tank, respectively, when the values are 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5, respectively. The results show that the heat radiation flux decreases gradually from the top to the bottom of the tank and decreases from the center to the two sides of the tank, and the radiation effect of the adjacent oil tank on the wall of the tank is the largest in the fire environment. The heat radiation flux of the 3 000 m 3 oil tank is the largest when L / D is the same, followed by the 5 000 m 3, 10 000 m 3 oil tank, and when the oil tank volume is the same, the larger the L / D is, the smaller the heat radiation flux of the adjacent tank wall is. By comparing the heat flux calculated by FDS simulation with the theoretical value, it is found that the difference between the simulated value and the theoretical value is small and the trend of variation is consistent. The research results are helpful to the prevention, control and fighting of oil tank fires, the establishment of fire codes, and the design of oil storage tanks.
【作者单位】：中国石油大学(北京)机械与储运工程学院;中国人民武装警察部队学院;
【基金】：河北省科技计划资助项目“火灾环境下油罐冷却方式研究”,16275431
【分类号】：TE972

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