长输管道分布式应力监测与健康诊断方法研究

发布时间：2019-05-11 23:30

【摘要】：长距离输油气管道,被视为国民经济发展的“生命线”、“大动脉”,在现代工业和日常生活中占据重要地位。如何预防事故或故障、确保其安全无一失是个重要且复杂的研究课题。从这一实际出发,本文开展了基于BOTDA的长输管道分布式应力监测技术研究,对长输管道的实时应力监测技术和寿命预测方法进行了探讨,主要从以下几个方面开展了相关研究:1)介绍了光纤传感技术和分布式光纤传感技术(BOTDR、BOTDA、OTDR等技术)的基本原理。结合长输管道规模庞大、工作环境复杂、实时监测要求等特点,初步探讨基于BOTDA的管道应力监测的可行性。通过分析近年来国内外管道事故情况,归纳总结了长输管道的主要失效原因和主要失效模式,开展了长输管道实时在线应力监测的必要性研究。2)开展了长输管道失效判据健康诊断方法研究。通过对管道应力分析基本理论的分析梳理,进行了基于应力的管道失效判据研究。结合疲劳寿命理论,进行了长输管道健康诊断方法和寿命预测方法研究。一方面根据应力的失效判据,通过实测应力与管材的屈服应力相比较,判定管道是否失效;另一方面,针对应力热点,通过连续采集该测点的应力谱,采用雨流计数法对应力-时间历程曲线进行处理,然后根据疲劳累计损伤理论,预测整个管道的疲劳寿命。3)以材质为45号钢、长为6m的管道为实验对象,开展了基于BOTDA的长输管道分布式应力监测实验研究。并将实验结果与ANSYS模拟分析计算结果进行分析比较,验证了基于布里渊分布式光纤传感技术的管道应力监测方法的可行性。4)以四川省某主跨为50m的轻型托架管桥为应用对象,开展了基于BOTDA的长输管道分布式应力监测应用研究。进一步验证了本文所提出的基于BOTDA的长输管道分布式应力监测技术和基于应力监测的健康诊断方法,并对现场应用的施工方案(特别是光纤敷设方式)进行了探讨。
[Abstract]:Long-distance oil and gas pipeline, regarded as the "lifeline" and "great artery" of national economic development, occupies an important position in modern industry and daily life. How to prevent accidents or faults and ensure their safety is an important and complex research topic. From this practice, the distributed stress monitoring technology of long distance pipeline based on BOTDA is studied in this paper, and the real time stress monitoring technology and life prediction method of long distance pipeline are discussed. The related research is carried out from the following aspects: 1) the basic principles of optical fiber sensing technology and distributed optical fiber sensing technology (BOTDR,BOTDA,OTDR, etc.) are introduced. Combined with the characteristics of large scale, complex working environment and real-time monitoring requirements of long distance pipeline, the feasibility of pipeline stress monitoring based on BOTDA is discussed. Based on the analysis of pipeline accidents at home and abroad in recent years, the main failure causes and main failure modes of long distance pipelines are summarized. The necessity of real-time on-line stress monitoring for long-distance pipeline is studied. 2) the health diagnosis method of failure criterion for long-distance pipeline is studied. Through the analysis and combing of the basic theory of pipeline stress analysis, the failure criterion of pipeline based on stress is studied. Combined with fatigue life theory, the health diagnosis method and life prediction method of long distance pipeline are studied. On the one hand, according to the failure criterion of stress, the failure of pipeline is determined by comparing the measured stress with the yield stress of pipe. On the other hand, aiming at the stress hot spot, the stress-time history curve is treated by rain flow counting method by continuously collecting the stress spectrum of the measuring point, and then according to the fatigue cumulative damage theory, The fatigue life of the whole pipeline is predicted. 3) the distributed stress monitoring experiment of long distance pipeline based on BOTDA is carried out with 45 steel and 6 m long pipeline as the experimental object. The experimental results are compared with those of ANSYS simulation analysis. The feasibility of pipeline stress monitoring method based on Brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing technology is verified. 4) A light bracket pipe bridge with a main span of 50m in Sichuan Province is taken as the application object. The application research of distributed stress monitoring of long distance pipeline based on BOTDA is carried out. The distributed stress monitoring technology based on BOTDA and the health diagnosis method based on stress monitoring are further verified, and the construction scheme (especially the optical fiber laying mode) applied in the field is discussed.
【学位授予单位】：武汉工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE973

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