石油羧酸盐的工业合成与性能研究

发布时间：2019-06-03 09:55

【摘要】：近年来,原油的开发和采收日见困难,世界各国的石油类制品对原油需求量逐渐变得难以满足,已经成为世界各国能源开发领域重视的项目。目前,我国油田大量的油井采油进入三次采油阶段,即向油井注入化学剂来驱替地层油气。近些年来逐步开发探索出来的重要油田开发新技术是表面活性剂等各类化学复配注剂的使用；三元复合驱油的矿场实验在大庆油田已有多个采油区块开展,并收到了很好的效果,成为大庆油田稳产四千万吨目标的有力保障。由于技术完善性的限制及成本过高的原因,致使三元复合驱的矿场应用发展进度缓慢；而且目前实施的三元复合驱在油田的实际应用中多采用的强碱型复配体系,对环境及设施的破坏已经越来越受到重视；因此开发完善生产技术、研制高性能低成本的弱碱型三元复合驱油体系成为扩大目前三元复配驱应用范围的有效途径之一。本文通过工业中试装置对不同原料工业合成石油羧酸盐,通过界面活性、乳化性能、稳定性能、粘度、驱油效果以及碱度范围等几个方面对由重烷基苯磺酸盐和石油羧酸盐两者共同配比组成的表面活性剂与聚合物、弱碱三元复配体系进行了系统论述。论文包括三方面内容：论文第一章对现阶段在三次采油中表面活性剂的合成、开发与使用以及三元复合驱的弱碱化现状进行了总结介绍,阐述了论文的背景、内容及目标。论文第二章简述了以不同厂家的减四线原油为原料制备石油羧酸盐的方法,对影响产品产率及质量的几个因素馏分性质、温度等进行研究,并给出了原材料期望指标。论文第三章研究了固定聚合物浓度不变的条件下,重烷基苯磺酸盐和石油羧酸盐成品按一定比例复配的混合表活剂在弱碱条件下的协同效应。研究结果表明,在地层水矿化度条件和聚合物存在时二者具有良好的配伍性和很好的界面活性,而且复配体系与大庆原油可获得优良界面活性的混合表活剂和弱碱浓度范围很宽。考察了复配体系的粘度、乳化性能和稳定性。实验结果表明,弱碱复配体系的粘度随温度升高而降低,随混合表活剂的浓度的提高而增大,随弱碱浓度增加而有所降低；低浓区和低碱区的稳定和乳化性能均好于高浓区和高碱区者；贝雷岩心实验结果说明,重烷基苯磺酸盐与石油羧酸盐成品复合的表活剂三元复配体系的原油采收率平均提高25%以上。本研究对于表活剂复配体系的弱碱化驱油体系设计具有指导和参考价值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the development and recovery of crude oil is becoming more and more difficult, and the demand for crude oil from petroleum products in the world has gradually become difficult to meet, which has become an important project in the field of energy development all over the world. At present, a large number of oil wells in China have entered the stage of tertiary oil recovery, that is, chemical agents are injected into oil wells to drive formation oil and gas. In recent years, the important new technology of oil field development, which has been gradually developed and explored, is the use of all kinds of chemical compound injection agents such as surfactants. The field experiment of ASP flooding has been carried out in many oil production blocks in Daqing Oilfield, and good results have been obtained, which has become a powerful guarantee for the stable production of 40 million tons in Daqing Oilfield. Due to the limitation of technical perfection and the high cost, the development progress of ASP flooding is slow. Moreover, the strong alkali complex system, which is often used in the practical application of ASP flooding in oil fields, has been paid more and more attention to the damage of environment and facilities. Therefore, the development and improvement of production technology and the development of weak alkali ASP flooding system with high performance and low cost have become one of the effective ways to expand the application range of ASP flooding at present. In this paper, petroleum Carboxylate was synthesized from different raw material industries through industrial pilot plant, through interfacial activity, emulsification, stability and viscosity. The effect of flooding and the range of alkalinity were systematically discussed in the ternary compound system of surfactants, polymers and weak bases, which was composed of heavy alkylbenzenesulfonate and petroleum Carboxylate. The paper includes three aspects: in the first chapter, the synthesis, development and use of surfactants in tertiary oil recovery and the weak alkalinity of ASP flooding are summarized and introduced, and the background, content and goal of the paper are expounded. In the second chapter, the method of preparing petroleum Carboxylate from four-wire crude oil from different manufacturers is briefly described, and several factors affecting the yield and quality of the product, such as fraction properties and temperature, are studied, and the expected index of raw materials is given. In the third chapter, the synergistic effect of the mixture of heavy alkylbenzenesulfonate and petroleum Carboxylate in a certain proportion under the condition of constant concentration of fixed polymer was studied under the condition of weak base. The results show that the two have good compatibility and good interfacial activity in the presence of formation water salinity and polymer. Moreover, the mixed surface active agent and weak alkali concentration with excellent interfacial activity can be obtained by the compound system and Daqing crude oil. The viscosity, emulsification and stability of the composite system were investigated. The experimental results show that the viscosity of the weak alkali complex system decreases with the increase of temperature, increases with the increase of the concentration of mixed surface active agent, and decreases with the increase of weak alkali concentration. The stability and emulsification performance of low concentration area and low alkali area were better than those of high concentration area and high alkali area. The core test results show that the crude oil recovery of the ternary compound system of heavy alkylbenzenesulfonate and petroleum Carboxylate is increased by more than 25% on average. This study has guiding and reference value for the design of weak alkalized oil displacement system of surface active agent compound system.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE357.46

【相似文献】