化学驱提高原油采收率的机会约束规划方法研究

发布时间：2019-06-15 17:47

【摘要】：化学驱是三次采油中一类重要的提高原油采收率技术,其中包括单一化学驱和复合化学驱。然而,化学驱油剂价格昂贵,油藏开发过程复杂而漫长,原油价格和油藏地质参数往往存在一定的不确定性。为了能够科学合理地设计化学驱开发方案,尽可能获得更好的回报,本文研究了不确定条件下的化学驱注入策略优化问题。针对标准螺旋优化算法寻优性能的不足,对其进行了算法改进研究,构建了新的混合螺旋优化算法。通过在标准算法基础上引入变异操作,并将骨干粒子群的位置更新操作视为变异算子,在保留原算法全局搜索能力的同时,增强了局部寻优性能,提高了求解精度和效率。针对一般约束优化问题,采用非固定分段映射罚函数法,将约束问题转化为无约束优化问题,避免了常规罚函数法的惩罚系数难以确定的问题。通过标准例子测试,表明了混合算法具有良好的寻优性能。将混合螺旋优化算法应用于CSTR最优控制问题和一维聚合物驱注入优化问题中,验证了改进算法的有效性。聚合物驱是一种典型的化学驱方法,针对其注入方案的优化问题,考虑原油价格和地质参数的不确定性,通过引入机会约束规划方法,分别以最大化利润收益和最大化原油产量为目标,建立了油价不确定和地质参数不确定的聚合物驱机会约束规划模型。考虑到油价和地质参数在优化模型中的特点,分别通过确定性等价转化和随机模拟方法对机会约束条件进行处理,应用混合螺旋优化算法进行优化求解,实例计算验证了该方法的可行性。复合驱油体系的色谱分离现象会降低甚至破坏复合驱油效果。通过引入新的色谱分离判别模式,设计了色谱分离参数的计算方法,并利用面向对象编程语言开发了相应的计算软件。针对化学复合驱油体系的注入优化问题,为使复合体系尽可能地发挥出最大的协同作用,以色谱分离参数最大化为性能指标,考虑地质参数的不确定性,建立了化学复合驱的注入方案的机会约束规划模型,并对其进行了实例求解。
[Abstract]:Chemical flooding is an important technology to improve oil recovery in tertiary oil recovery, including single chemical flooding and compound chemical flooding. However, the price of chemical oil displacement agent is expensive, the reservoir development process is complex and long, and there is often some uncertainty in crude oil price and reservoir geological parameters. In order to design the development scheme of chemical flooding scientifically and reasonably and get as good a return as possible, the optimization of chemical flooding injection strategy under uncertain conditions is studied in this paper. Aiming at the deficiency of the optimization performance of the standard spiral optimization algorithm, the algorithm improvement is studied, and a new hybrid spiral optimization algorithm is constructed. The mutation operation is introduced on the basis of the standard algorithm, and the position updating operation of the backbone particle swarm is regarded as the mutation operator. While retaining the global search ability of the original algorithm, the local optimization performance is enhanced, and the accuracy and efficiency of the solution are improved. For the general constrained optimization problem, the non-fixed piecewise mapping penalty function method is used to transform the constraint problem into an unconstrained optimization problem, which avoids the problem that the penalty coefficient of the conventional penalty function method is difficult to determine. Through the standard example test, it is shown that the hybrid algorithm has good optimization performance. The hybrid spiral optimization algorithm is applied to CSTR optimal control problem and one-dimensional polymer flooding injection optimization problem, and the effectiveness of the improved algorithm is verified. Polymer flooding is a typical chemical flooding method. Aiming at the optimization of its injection scheme, considering the uncertainty of crude oil price and geological parameters, the opportunity constrained programming model of polymer flooding with uncertain oil price and uncertain geological parameters is established by introducing opportunity constrained programming method to maximize profit and crude oil production, respectively. Considering the characteristics of oil price and geological parameters in the optimization model, the opportunity constraints are dealt with by deterministic equivalent transformation and random simulation methods, and the hybrid spiral optimization algorithm is used to optimize the solution. The feasibility of the method is verified by an example. The chromatographic separation of composite oil displacement system will reduce or even destroy the effect of compound flooding. By introducing a new discriminant model of chromatographic separation, the calculation method of chromatographic separation parameters is designed, and the corresponding calculation software is developed by using object-oriented programming language. Aiming at the injection optimization problem of chemical composite flooding system, in order to maximize the synergistic effect of the composite system as much as possible, taking the maximization of chromatographic separation parameters as the performance index and considering the uncertainty of geological parameters, the opportunity constrained programming model of the injection scheme of chemical composite flooding is established and solved by an example.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TE357.46;TP18

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