中国石油产业的市场开放与政府管制研究

  本文关键词：中国石油产业的市场开放与政府管制研究，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

中国石油产业的市场开放与政府管制研究 Market opening and government regulation of oil industry in China

作者：林健民 作者本人请参看权利申明

导师姓名：李卓

学位授予单位：武汉大学

授予学位：博士

学位年度：2012

专业：世界经济

关键词：

摘要:

随同着我国改造开放过程,我国的石油家当的治理体系体例产生了严重转变,完成了从高度集中的筹划经济体系体例向社会主义市场经济体系体例改变,石油家当市场慢慢开放,从关闭或半关闭状况向周全开放改变,初步构成了市场运转的机制。但我国石油市场是筹划经济的产品,初始的市场构造是经由过程行政敕令、资本划拨构成的,仍缺少有用运作的竞争机制。与此同时,我国石油对外依存度连续降低,经济成长对石油的需乞降依附度进一步增长,在面临陆续进入我国的国外年夜石油公司的竞争下,若何优化我国石油家当治理,进一步完美石油家当市场构造,进步我国石油企业的国际竞争才能和石油资本设置装备摆设效力,保证我国动力平安,是火烧眉毛的严重成绩。本文容身于世界相干实际和理论的静态、我国经济体系体例成长与改造的汗青过程、国际外石油家当成长状态和标准与实证等多条理的视角,并在家当组织学、管束经济学等经典实际的指导下,对中国石油家当的市场开放与当局管束停止研讨,对我国石油家当成长有侧重年夜的计谋意义和实际意义。本文经由过程剖析,以为石油家当虽存在天然垄断特点,但整体上具有非天然垄断性,竞争随同石油家当的经济特征发生,石油家当的非天然垄断性是本文停止研讨的逻辑终点。一是对国际石油家当的市场开放与当局管束停止研讨。经由过程剖析国际石油家当的成长汗青、近况及趋向,总结国外石油家当当局管束及市场开放的特点和经历,对指点我国石油家当成长有侧重要的感化,为我国石油家当的成长指清楚明了偏向。石油资本的治理体系体例是石油家当治理体系体例的重要构成部门,列国治理形式可以分为集中治理形式、绝对集中治理形式和疏散治理形式,重要以集中形式为主,当局治理本能机能广泛较强。世界石油工业体系重要可以分为东方产油国以公有为主的市场型、东方产油国以国度为主导、成长中国度国度垄断、东方非产油国国度介入以市场主导型等四种。而依据当局与国度石油公司的关系,世界列国石油资本运营治理形式可以分为无国度石油公司由当局机构治理石油资本、有国度石油公司但不参与石油资本治理、国度石油公司协助当局行使部门治理权柄、国度石油公司兼行石油资本治理、国度石油公司垄断石油下游家当并行使石油资本治理等五种形式,世界列国为了确保石油这一计谋资本的平安,均表现了当局对石油家当的管束,各个国度因为所处的汗青时代和成长程度分歧,管束及市场开放程度也有所分歧。经由过程多方面剖析,可以发明各重要产油国度年夜多制订石油律例,并依法设立绝对自力的石油家当管束构造。世界石油家当由寡头垄断格式转向垄断竞争格式,竞争情势和主体将加倍多样化和多元化,市场垄断竞争趋向显著。二是经由过程剖析我国石油家当当局管束和运营形式的汗青,有助于我们掌握我国石油家当成长所处的汗青阶段和存在的成绩。我国当局对石油家当的管束演化和家当组织变迁及市场开放进程可以划分为四个阶段,历次改造和调剂,重点都是对石油家当市场构造的重组,在必定水平上打破了垄断、引入了竞争,家当市场整体上是在慢慢开放的。今朝,我国石油储量整体呈上升趋向,原油产物增加较为迟缓,但跟着我国原油加工才能和制品油加工才能的赓续晋升,原油加工量、制品油产量及原油出口量疾速增加,原油对外依存度连续上升。同时,石油花费量稳步增加,而且我国公民经济成长对石油及其产物的需求仍将坚持较高的增加速度；经由过程对我国石油家当市场集中度目标的盘算,发明我国石油家当市场构造由筹划治理体系体例下的行政垄断逐步向市场机制下的寡头竞争改变,但我国石油家当的进入壁垒依然比拟高,市场有待进一步开放,石油家当资本设置装备摆设效力在改良但依然较低,仍具有行政垄断的特点,行政垄断形成了社会福利丧失。三是剖析我国石油家当当局管束存在的成绩和论述石油家当市场开放和调剂当局管束的目标。改造开放以来我国石油家当治理体系体例变更频仍,石油政策缺少持续性；法制扶植绝对落伍,对石油家当管束缺少完全司法框架；治理形式绝对疏散,缺少同一的石油家当治理机构,缺乏标准的法式,治理本能机能弱化,微观调掌握度不完美,调控手腕缺少；另外,当局监视无限,石油家当监管系统、价钱机制不健全。在我国石油家当仍具有行政垄断特点的配景下,调剂当局管束的进程也是标准当局行动的进程。为了进一步进步中国石油家当的全体竞争力,须要以加强市场的有用竞争为重点,以培养有竞争力的市场主体为焦点,为更多的市场主体生长发明更好的政策情况,进一步优化石油家当的市场构造。而有次序地开放石油市场也能够进步国际石油供应,减缓石油供需抵触,有益于改良社会福利。四是提出我国石油家当市场开放及当局管束调剂的目的和门路,为我国石油家当的改造供给决议计划建议,有益于进步国度对石油家当的治理程度、有益于进步我国石油企业的竞争力、有益于进步我国石油家当的成长程度、有益于我国市场经济系统的完美和经济社会的成长。我国石油家当停止市场开放和当局管束调剂要保持相符国情、权柄法定、经济效力、社会公共好处、公正竞争和兼顾统筹的准绳。停止当局管束调剂既要完美治理体系体例,树立自力的石油家当监管机构,完美石油家当管束的司法系统,又要细分家当构造、恰当抓紧管束,并树立高效的价钱机制。而家当组织构造优化的目的则是树立包管国际绝对垄断位置的寡头竞争市场构造,这相符世界石油家当的成长趋向,也是进步我国石油家当效力和国际竞争力的须要。垄断竞争的市场构造构建步调可以分两步停止,起首持续加年夜国有石油公司的重组力度,在涌现了有用竞争的局势后,积极扩展开放,加速石油家当的市场化过程。构建垄断竞争的市场构造的重要办法则是摊开进入壁垒,引入竞争机制,增强国度石油公司的竞合,并经由过程优化企业市场行动来加强我国石油企业的国度竞争力。本文还拔取了长庆油田作为案例对其市场开放的胜利经历停止了剖析。长庆油田经由过程开放市场、引入市场竞争机制,强化竞争、依附市场设置装备摆设资本,立异体系体例、推进资本优势整合,立异技巧、构成壮大临盆动力,立异治理、力促成长方法改变,使长庆油田开辟获得了可喜的造诣,完成了勘察开辟的高程度和高效益,成为最近几年来我国成长速度最快的油田。这是我国石油家当市场开放的缩影,为国度制订家当管束政策,增进市场开放和家当组织调剂,进步我国石油资本开辟应用效力供给了名贵的自创意义和推进感化。

Abstract:

Along with China's reform and opening up process, China's oil belongings governance systems produced serious change, completed the change from the highly centralized planned economic system to the socialist market economic system, oil furniture market gradually opening up, from a closed or semi closed state to comprehensive and open change, initially formed a market operation mechanism. But China's oil market is the product of the planned economy, the initial market structure is through the process of administrative decree, capital allocation which, there is a lack of effective operation of competition mechanism. At the same time, China's dependence on foreign oil is continuously reduced, economic growth on oil demand and further increase the degree of attachment, in the face of gradually to enter the competition in China's foreign big oil companies, how to optimize governance of China's petroleum possessions, further perfect furniture city oil field is constructed, progress China petroleum enterprise international competition ability and oil capital equipment effectiveness, ensure the safety of China's power is in imminent danger of serious problems. Under the guidance of the shelter in the world coherent from the perspective of the historical process of the theory and practice of static, our country economic system growth and transformation, international oil belongings growth state and standard and empirical multi-level, and belongings of organization learning, bundle economics classical theory, oil to China furniture market opening and authorities bundle research, focusing on the eve of the strategic significance and practical significance to our country petroleum belongings growth. This article through the analysis that, although the existence of natural monopoly characteristic of petroleum possessions, but on the whole with non natural monopoly, competition along with the economic characteristics of the petroleum belongings occurs, the oil of belongings of non natural monopoly is this article to study the logical end. One is to use the international oil market opening and governmental regulation research. Through the analysis of the process of international petroleum possessions of the development history, current situation and trends, summarize characteristics and experiences of foreign oil Dangdang Bureau tube bundle and the opening of the market, to guide our country petroleum belongings growth has main effect, for the growth of China's oil belongings to clear bias. Oil capital governance systems is oil belongings management system an important component of the Department, the governance mode of the nations can points concentrated forms of governance, absolute concentration forms of governance and governance form evacuation, important to form concentrated mainly, authority management function are strong. The world petroleum industry system important can be classified as the Eastern oil producers in taking the public ownership as the market type, the East oil producer in the country's leading, growing Chinese state monopoly, Oriental non oil producing country intervention to market led four. And according to the relationship between the authorities and the state oil company, world oil capital operation management can be divided into non national oil companies by government agencies, the national capital management petroleum oil company but does not participate in the oil capital management, the state oil company to assist the authorities to exercise authority, national oil sector governance and oil capital management, the state oil company monopoly downstream oil oil capital governance parallel property in five forms, all countries in the world in order to ensure that this strategy of oil capital of peace, showed the authorities to use the oil control, countries because of historical era and the growing degree of divergence, bundle and market opening degree is also different. Through the process analysis, can find the important oil producing countries of the eve of the multi formulate laws and regulations of the oil, and established in accordance with the law absolutely independent oil belongings bundle structure. World oil possessions by the oligarchic monopoly format to format of monopolistic competition, competition situation and the subject will redouble its diversification, the monopolistic competitive market trend significantly. The second is through the analysis of the process of Chinese Petroleum Bureau of Dangdang bundle and operation forms of history helps us to master our country petroleum belongings growth stage of history and the existing problems. Chinese authorities on oil possessions of the bundle evolution and belongings of organizational change and market opening process can be divided into four stages, the previous transformation and adjustment, the focus is on restructuring of petroleum belongings of market structure in must level break the monopoly, introduce competition, furniture market as a whole is slowly open. Today, China's petroleum reserves, the overall upward trend, the crude oil products increased more slowly, but as China's crude oil processing capacity and product oil processing to ceaseless promotion, crude oil processing volume, product oil crude oil production and export volume rapid growth, dependence on foreign oil is continuous rise. At the same time, the oil consumption has increased steadily, and our national economy growth demand for petroleum and its products will still maintain a relatively high rate of increase; via the process of China's petroleum market and possessions centralized planned objectives, the invention of China Petroleum belongings market structure by planning management system, systems of administrative monopoly gradually to the oligopoly competition market mechanism change, but our country petroleum belongings barriers to entry is still relatively high, the market remains to be further open, oil belongings capital set furnishings and equipment effectiveness in improving but still low, still has the characteristics of administrative monopoly, administrative monopoly formed social welfare loss. The three is the analysis of the oil in China's National Bureau of the existence of the results and the theory of...

目录:

摘要5-8Abstract8-121 导论19-37    1.1 研究背景与研究意义19-22        1.1.1 研究背景与问题的提出19-21        1.1.2 选题的理论意义与现实意义21-22    1.2 文献综述22-33        1.2.1 国内外政府管制研究22-24        1.2.2 国内外产业市场开放研究24-26        1.2.3 产业组织理论的演进26-29        1.2.4 国外学者对石油产业的研究29-30        1.2.5 国内学者对石油产业的研究30-33    1.3 研究方法及研究内容33-36        1.3.1 研究视角与研究方法33-34        1.3.2 基本思路与研究内容34-36    1.4 创新点与不足36-372 市场开放与政府管制的相关理论37-55    2.1 石油产业与石油产业的垄断性37-45        2.1.1 石油产业37-38        2.1.2 石油产业的经济特征38-41        2.1.3 垄断和垄断性行业41-43        2.1.4 石油产业的自然垄断特征和非自然垄断性43-45    2.2 政府管制的内涵及理论依据45-49        2.2.1 政府管制的内涵45-47        2.2.2 规范性理论依据——公共利益管制理论47-48        2.2.3 实证性理论依据——利益集团管制理论48-49    2.3 市场开放相关理论49-53        2.3.1 实践中政府管制存在的问题及放松管制49-52        2.3.2 新自由主义的经济学理论与社会主义市场经济理论52-53    2.4 本章小结53-553 国际石油产业市场开放与政府管制55-77    3.1 世界石油产业及产业组织发展55-59        3.1.1 石油产业形成时期的寡头垄断形成55-56        3.1.2 大油田相继发现时期的卡特尔56        3.1.3 石油产业黄金发展时期垄断竞争格局初现56-57        3.1.4 石油产业缓慢发展时期的垄断竞争格局形成57-59    3.2 世界各国石油资源管理体制模式及石油工业体系59-64        3.2.1 世界主要产油国家石油资源管理体制模式59-64    3.3 世界各国石油资源经营管理模式64-67    3.4 各国石油产业管制程度及市场开放水平67-73        3.4.1 国家干预程度高且严格限制非国有资本进入的模式67-69        3.4.2 国家干预程度高但适当鼓励非国有资本进入的模式69-71        3.4.3 国家干预程度比较强但市场开放程度也比较高的模式71-73        3.4.4 国家干预程度相对较弱且市场开放程度比较高的模式73    3.5 世界石油产业政府管制及产业结构特征73-77        3.5.1 制定石油法规,实行立法管理73-74        3.5.2 依法设立相对独立的石油产业管制机构74-75        3.5.3 世界石油产业结构特征及发展趋势75-774 中国石油产业的管理体制和经营模式的历史分析77-108    4.1 中国石油产业管理体制变革下的产业组织变迁77-81        4.1.1 高度集中管理体制下的国家垄断时期(1949-1982)77-78        4.1.2 石油产业初步改革下的寡占时期(1982-1998)78        4.1.3 石油产业重组阶段的寡头垄断结构(1998-2003)78-79        4.1.4 石油产业初步市场化阶段寡头竞争初现(2003至今)79        4.1.5 我国石油产业管理体制改革及产业组织调整的主要成就79-81    4.2 现行管制和市场结构下的石油供给和需求状况81-88        4.2.1 我国石油生产及消费状况81-85        4.2.2 我国石油需求状况85-88    4.3 我国石油产业组织分析88-103        4.3.1 我国石油产业市场结构88-93        4.3.2 我国石油产业进入壁垒93-100        4.3.3 我国石油产业配置效率100-103    4.4 我国石油产业行政垄断的特征及造成的社会福利损失103-106        4.4.1 我国石油产业的行政垄断特征103-104        4.4.2 石油产业行政垄断社会福利损失机理分析104-106    4.5 本章小结106-1085 中国油产业政府管制的主要问题及其成因108-121    5.1 我国石油产业管理体制存在的主要问题108-113        5.1.1 管制缺乏完整的法律基础108-110        5.1.2 石油政策缺乏连续性110        5.1.3 政府管理职能相对弱化、监督有限110-112        5.1.4 石油产业价格机制不健全112-113    5.2 成因分析113-117        5.2.1 传统行政干预模式的后遗症113        5.2.2 缺少统一的石油产业管理机构和独立的监管机构113-116        5.2.3 石油产业缺乏市场机制116-117    5.3 市场开放与政府管制调整的提出117-120        5.3.1 进一步完善市场经济的需要117        5.3.2 规范政府行为的需要117-118        5.3.3 优化产业组织的需要118        5.3.4 改善社会福利的需要118-120    5.4 本章小结120-1216 中国石油产业市场开放与政府管制调整121-140    6.1 市场开放与政府管制调整的指导思想及基本原则121-123        6.1.1 指导思想121        6.1.2 基本原则121-123    6.2 中国石油产业政府管制调整123-130        6.2.1 自然垄断性与竞争性业务相分离,上下游区别管制123-125        6.2.2 完善石油产业管制机构和行为建设125-127        6.2.3 完善石油产业管制的法律体系127-128        6.2.4 建立高效率的价格机制128-130    6.3 中国石油产业市场开放及产业组织调整130-138        6.3.1 中国石油产业组织调整的目标130-132        6.3.2 寡头竞争市场结构的构建步骤132-133        6.3.3 放开市场,引入竞争机制133-134        6.3.4 加强国家石油公司的竞合134-136        6.3.5 增强我国石油企业国际竞争力136-138    6.4 本章小结138-1407 中国石油长庆油田市场开放与政府管制的案例分析140-148    7.1 长庆油田的发展简介140-141    7.2 中石油集团在“走出去”战略下迅速发展141-143    7.3 长庆油田市场开放经验143-146        7.3.1 开放市场,引入市场竞争机制143        7.3.2 强化竞争,依靠市场配置资源143-144        7.3.3 创新体制,推动资源优势整合144        7.3.4 创新技术,形成强大生产动力144-145        7.3.5 创新管理,力促发展方式转变145-146    7.4 主要研究结论146-148中外文参考文献148-152攻博期间发表的科研成果目录152-153致谢153

参考文献

  本文关键词：中国石油产业的市场开放与政府管制研究，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。