神秘的金星

发布时间：2017-12-28 12:08

本文关键词：神秘的金星　出处：《自然杂志》2012年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：金星是地球的近邻"姐妹行星",它们的大小和质量相当。早先曾推想金星有类似于地球的生机环境,甚至存在生物。但近半个世纪的探测表明,金星是跟地球差异甚多的神秘奇特世界。例如,金星与地球的自转方向相反(逆向自转),且特缓慢,金星的一昼夜相当于116.75(地球)日,不到两昼夜就度过一金星年———"度日(昼夜)如年";它被浓密的大气和云层笼罩,难见表面的"庐山真面貌",表面气压达93 bar(1 bar=100 kPa),强烈的温室效应使表面气温达467℃,酷热而干燥的环境显然不会存在生物;60%表面高程差不超过500 m,仅5%表面高出2 km;跟有古老而严重陨击的月球和水星不同,金星整个表面似乎都是地质上年轻的,陨击坑少,而火山地貌占主导,平均年龄可能不超过5亿年,几乎90%的表面是固结的玄武岩浆,到处有熔岩流和各种火山,断裂和断层交割景观,但没有地球那样的板块构造特征,也没有海洋和河流。金星的很多秘密还需要进一步探测研究。
[Abstract]:Venus is the nearest neighbor of the earth, the size and mass of the planet. It was previously thought that Venus had a living environment similar to the earth, even living things. But the survey of nearly half a century shows that Venus is a mysterious and strange world that is much different from the earth. For example, the direction of rotation of Venus and the earth (reverse rotation), and on the contrary very slowly, one day of Venus is equivalent to 116.75 (earth), less than two day and night will spend a year -- "Venus (circadian) such as life"; it is a dense atmosphere and clouds, the microscopic surface "of Mount Lu look, the surface pressure up to 93 bar (1 bar=100 kPa), a strong greenhouse effect makes the surface temperature up to 467 degrees Celsius, hot and dry environment is not biological; 60% surface elevation difference is less than 500 m, only 5% surface is higher than 2 km; with the old and serious meteorite of the moon and mercury are different Venus, the entire surface seems to be geologically young, crater, and volcano landforms dominated, with an average age of not more than 500 million years, almost 90% of the surface is solidified basaltic magma, filled with lava flows and various volcano, fault and fault settlement landscape, but there is no way in the earth Block structural features, no oceans and rivers. Many secrets of Venus need to be further explored.
【作者单位】：南京大学天文与空间科学学院;
【分类号】：P185.2
【正文快照】： “Venus”(维纳斯)是希腊神话中的爱与美的女神之名,也是星空最明亮的行星———金星的名称,其天文符号如梳妆镜。金星是离太阳第二近的行星,地球是第三近的行星,由于金星的大小和质量跟地球相当而称为地球的“姐妹行星”(图1,见彩插二)。因为金星有浓密的大气和云层笼罩着全

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