空间天文地面应用系统的需求管理研究

发布时间：2017-12-30 20:41

本文关键词：空间天文地面应用系统的需求管理研究　出处：《中国科学院大学(中国科学院工程管理与信息技术学院)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：空间天文观测是天文学研究的一个重要方向,通过天文观测可以拓宽或是根本改变对一些重大天体物理问题的认识潜力。随着我国经济和科技的发展,我国科学家将联合欧洲科学家开展一系列的空间天文有效载荷的观测和科学研究活动。而空间天文观测离不开一个高效的空间天文地面应用系统的支持。需求管理作为空间天文地面应用系统软件项目管理中的重要组成部分之一,关系到是否能满足不同角色科学家进行进一步科学研究的需要,具有举足轻重的作用。本文重点研究和分析了现有软件系统需求管理的方式方法及其优缺点,结合空间天文有效载荷项目的实际情况,将空间天文项目领域天地一体、天地协同的思想贯穿其中,采取与卫星及载荷研制阶段相适应的渐进迭代的空间项目需求研发方式,针对涉及的干系人众多、科研目标变化不确定性高、各系统接口复杂等特点,提出适合于我国空间天文地面应用系统软件的需求管理模型,该模型跨越空间天文载荷研发、发射、在轨、后期等阶段,以天文用户角色为划分为依据,充分汲取了用例、敏捷等需求分析方法的优点,以用例、原型、XML等技术方法为基础进行针对性的改进;运用规格化的定义方法和需求描述方式较为完整的进行需求定义及验证,灵活且高效的分级需求变更处理方式来处理空间软件的需求管理工作,对于众多干系人的科研需求的冲突,采用数学、经济学等量化方法,较大限度的平衡干系人不同需求之间的利益,尽可能的满足各类科学家的科研要求。通过在光学载荷数据处理仿真软件系统项目中运用基于空间天文地面应用系统的需求管理模型的需求管理方法,可以快速高效的针对空间项目跨周期的需求管理,提炼需求,撰写规范化的需求规格,平衡不同角色之间的需求冲突,合理处理需求变更,提高科学用户体验。通过对该模型的不断实践和改进,以期望对以后开展的空间天文方面的软件系统需求管理工作有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Space astronomical observation is an important direction of research in astronomy, by astronomical observations can broaden or is a fundamental change for some major astrophysical problems understanding potential. With the rapid development of China's economy and science and technology, Chinese scientists will joint European scientists to carry out a series of payload space astronomical observation and scientific research activities and space. Astronomical observations cannot do without an efficient space ground application system support. Demand management as an important part of the space ground application system of software project management, related to whether can meet the needs of different roles of scientists for further scientific research, which plays a decisive role. This paper focuses on the research and analysis of the software system the needs of the existing management mode and its advantages and disadvantages, combined with the actual situation of space astronomy payload project, space Astronomical projects one world, and the idea of cooperation through them, and take the satellite and the load development stage to adapt to space needs of the project development mode for incremental iterative, involving many stakeholders, research target uncertainty high, the complexity of system interface characteristics, puts forward the demand management model suitable for China's space astronomical ground the application of the system software, the model of load across space astronomical research, launch, on orbit, late stage, with astronomical roles for users based on the division, fully learn the advantages of case analysis method, the demand points to the case of agile, prototype, XML technology as the basis for targeted improvement; application specification the definition method and requirement description way complete requirements specification and verification requirements, classification of flexible and efficient way to deal with change in space software demand management Physical work, conflict, for many stakeholders research needs by mathematics, economics and quantitative methods, the balance of stakeholders to maximize the interests between different needs, as much as possible to meet the various requirements. Through the research of scientists in optical load data processing simulation software system used in this project demand management demand management model of space astronomy the ground application system based on, can quickly and efficiently for space projects across the cycle of demand management, refine the requirements, specification writing standard, the balance between the needs of different roles conflict, processing requirements change is reasonable, improve the scientific user experience. Through continuous practice and improvement of the model, in the hope of working software system demand management of the future space astronomy has certain reference significance.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学院大学(中国科学院工程管理与信息技术学院)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P17

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