月尘的性质及危害评述

发布时间：2018-01-10 04:26

本文关键词：月尘的性质及危害评述　出处：《地球科学(中国地质大学学报)》2013年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：月尘是广泛分布于月球表面的微小颗粒,大小约在30nm～20μm之间,95%以上小于2μm,中值粒径约为100～300nm,形态复杂多变,以玻璃小球、气泡构造、棱角状碎片为主,含有大量纳米颗粒金属铁和玻璃质,玻璃质含量超过50%,尤其是2μm的部分中,玻璃质含量高达80%～90%,化学成分与月壤基本类似,在不同地貌单元也体现出SiO2含量的差异.月尘的成分和颗粒特征使其具有独特的电磁性质和生物毒性,容易粘附于航天器表面和进入航天员体内,危害航天器和航天员的安全和健康,严重影响月面探测的正常实施.因此,对月尘的研究是保证月面探测工程正常实施的迫切需要;同时,月尘是月球表面物质经历长期的太空作用形成的,在颗粒成分和结构特征上保留了其演化过程的重要信息,是研究月表物质和大气演化、太空风化作用等科学问题的关键线索.但是目前对月尘的颗粒微观成分和结构差异、电磁特性和光学特性,纳米金属铁的特征和成因等方面的研究还不够深入,限制了月表物质演化历史的研究和月尘粘结腐蚀性、生物毒理学具体机理的认识.在月尘研究中利用模拟月尘弥补月尘样品稀缺的局限,并通过模拟实验加强以上方面的研究,能够更好地满足科学问题和工程探测的实际需要.
[Abstract]:Dust is the tiny particles are widely distributed in the surface of the moon, the size is about 30nm ~ 20 m, more than 95% less than 2 m, the median diameter is about 100 ~ 300nm, form complex, glass ball, bubble structure, angular fragments, containing a large number of nano particles of metal iron and glass, glass quality content is more than 50%, especially the 2 m part, the glass content is up to 80% ~ 90%, and the chemical composition of lunar soil was similar in different geomorphic units also reflects the difference in SiO2 content. The composition and characteristics of dust particles which have unique electromagnetic properties and biological toxicity, easy to adhere to the spacecraft the surface and into the body of the astronauts, spacecraft and astronauts endangering the safety and health, seriously affect the normal implementation of the lunar rover. Therefore, the research of lunar dust is an urgent requirement for ensuring the normal implementation of lunar exploration project; at the same time, lunar lunar surface material Experienced the formation of long-term space quality, grain composition and structural features retain important information on the evolution process, is the evolution of lunar material and the atmosphere, the key clue space weathering scientific problems. But at present the dust particle composition and micro structure difference, and optical properties of nano electromagnetic. The characteristics and causes of metallic iron etc. is not deep enough, limiting the lunar material evolution history research and dust bond corrosion, the knowledge of biological toxicology specific mechanism. Using the simulation research to make up in dust dust dust samples scarcity limitation, and through the simulation experiment to strengthen the aspects above, can better meet the actual needs science and engineering exploration.

【作者单位】：中国科学院地球化学研究所月球与行星科学研究中心;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：国家“863”计划项目(No.2010AA122200) 中国科学院地球化学研究所前沿领域项目国家自然科学基金(Nos.40803019,40873055,40904051) 中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划
【分类号】：P184
【正文快照】： 月尘通常指颗粒细小的月壤颗粒,粒径小于20μm,主要来源于月球表面的风化碎屑物,其成因与陨石、微陨石轰击、太阳风和宇宙射线以及巨大的昼夜温差变化等太空风化作用密切相关(KellerandMcKay,1993,1994,1997;Kelleretal.,1999).月尘记录了陨石、微陨石的撞击历史,也指示了太

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