螺旋型取芯钻头岩石钻进负载特性研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 09:22

本文关键词：螺旋型取芯钻头岩石钻进负载特性研究　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国探月工程三期任务,拟通过钻取采样装置获取深度为两米的月壤样品。取芯钻具是实现钻进和样品收集的核心功能部件,由钻头、钻杆和取芯机构等组成。为了成功获取月球样品,需要钻具对小尺度月壤和随机分布的月岩具有可靠的钻进能力和取芯能力。本文以螺旋构型的钻头基体为研究对象,利用理论研究、数值模拟和实验验证等手段,开展螺旋型钻头的切削齿布齿设计研究,以提高螺旋构型钻头对岩石的钻进能力。以岩石破碎力学为理论基础,基于岩石莫尔失效准则,建立了岩石单齿压入和单齿切削力学模型,为切削过程切削齿负载特性计算提供了理论依据。在此基础上,研制了单齿切削实验台,开展了大理岩切削的单因素实验、正交实验,验证了切削齿前角、后角、齿宽,以及切削深度、切削速度对切削负载的影响规律。依据理论模型和实验数据,开展了切削齿结构参数、钻进规程参数对岩石切削负载影响的显著性分析,为单切削齿空间结构参数设计以及螺旋型钻头的布齿设计奠定了基础。应用显式动力分析有限元软件LS-DYNA,开展了单切削齿与岩石相互作用数值模拟和仿真研究。建立了正前角、零前角、负前角切削模型,仿真模拟了切削力作用下岩石内部应力分布情况以及岩石的破碎形式。建立了切削齿直线切削以及回转切削模型,获得了同等规程参数条件下的岩石切削负载,建立了直线切削与回转切削负载特性之间的联系。以螺旋型钻头为基体,开展了单切削齿和整体钻头多切削齿回转切削力学建模研究,提出了各切削齿等切削量布齿设计准则,形成了螺旋型钻头基体布齿的优化设计方法。依据理论分析、实验研究以及仿真模拟的结果,开展了单切削齿空间结构参数设计。研制了螺旋形钻头试验件,对比验证了切削布齿轨迹、切削齿数量、螺旋翼头数对切削负载特性的影响。本文形成的螺旋型钻头基体切削齿的布齿设计方法,继承了螺旋型钻头对月壤取芯率高的技术优势,提升了该构型钻头对岩石的钻进能力。对探月三期取芯钻具的优化设计提供了技术支持。
[Abstract]:In the third phase of China's lunar exploration project, the lunar soil samples with a depth of two meters are to be obtained by drilling and sampling device. The core function component of drilling and sample collection is cored drilling tool, which is made up of drill bits. In order to obtain the lunar samples successfully. It is necessary for drilling tools to have reliable drilling ability and coring ability for small scale lunar soil and random distribution of lunar rock. In this paper, the helical configuration of the bit matrix is taken as the research object, and the theoretical study is used. By means of numerical simulation and experimental verification, the design of cutting tooth arrangement of spiral bit is carried out in order to improve the drilling ability of helical configuration bit to rock, which is based on rock crushing mechanics. Based on the failure criterion of rock moire, the model of rock single tooth indentation and single tooth cutting force is established, which provides a theoretical basis for the calculation of cutting tooth load characteristics. On this basis, a single tooth cutting experiment bench is developed. The single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment of marble cutting were carried out to verify the influence of cutting tooth front angle, rear angle, tooth width, cutting depth and cutting speed on cutting load, according to the theoretical model and experimental data. The influence of cutting tooth structure parameters and drilling rules parameters on rock cutting load is analyzed. It lays a foundation for the design of spatial structure parameters of single cutting teeth and the design of spiral bit. The explicit dynamic analysis finite element software LS-DYNA is used. Numerical simulation and simulation study on the interaction between single cutting tooth and rock are carried out. The cutting models of positive anterior angle, zero anterior angle and negative anterior angle are established. Under the action of cutting force, the stress distribution inside the rock and the form of rock breakage are simulated, and the cutting load of rock under the same specification parameters is obtained by establishing the cutting tooth straight line cutting and rotary cutting model. The relationship between the load characteristics of linear cutting and rotary cutting is established. Based on the helical bit, the rotary cutting force modeling of single cutting teeth and integral bit multi-cutting teeth is carried out. The optimum design method of spiral bit matrix tooth placement is formed according to the theoretical analysis, experimental research and simulation results. The design of spatial structure parameters of single cutting teeth was carried out, and the experimental piece of helical bit was developed, and the track of cutting teeth and the number of cutting teeth were compared and verified. The influence of the number of helical wing heads on the cutting load characteristics. The design method of the helical bit base cutting teeth in this paper inherits the technical advantage of the helical bit to the high core rate of lunar soil. It improves the drilling ability of the configuration bit to rock and provides technical support for the optimization design of the core drilling tool in the third phase of lunar exploration.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P634;P184.5

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