《表度说》研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 21:20

本文关键词：《表度说》研究　出处：《东华大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《表度说》是明末中西文化会通之际传入中国的一部重要的天文历算著作,主要介绍了西方圭表测量所依据的理论原理和用圭表进行具体实测的操作步骤,体现了西方天文学公理化的论证思路。特别是书中关于“横表”立表准则和测量规律,以及柱晷的制作和使用方法是明末首次引进。本文主要运用了文献考据法、比较分析法和综合分析法,分为以下五个部分。第一章简要说明了《表度说》的成书背景,简介其作者,并对该书的体例和研究现状进行了概括与评述,便于对《表度说》有一个整体的了解。第二章介绍了中国圭表测量的传统,主要为与《表度说》的实测内容相对应,分别从利用圭表“测量太阳的地平高度”、“确定方向”、对“二十四节气晷长”进行测算以及“测量物体高度”几个方面展开,概述了中国传统天文学中圭表测量的特点。第三章分析了《表度说》中圭表测量的理论依据,基于文本,从“太阳绕地球匀速转动”、“地球在宇宙的中心”、“地球和太阳相比,大小相当于一个点”、“地球为球体”、“可立表于地面,表端之处均为地心”五个论题展开论述,并结合托勒密《至大论》卷Ⅰ的内容,认为其理论基础是古希腊的地心说。第四章结合西方天文学的测算方法,分析了《表度说》中利用圭表实测的操作原理与步骤,并结合与其前篇提出的理论部分,从而提出书中所体现出来的西方公理化体系方法。第五章探讨了《表度说》在明末被传入中国的缘由,将其与同时期传入的《简平仪说》、《天问略》、《日晷图法》和《测量法义》进行比较,澄清了传教士在地理纬度测量方面的一些具体问题。本文认为《表度说》在宣传西方天文学知识的过程中,并不是孤立传入的,而是和其他译著具有相关性,以知识链的形式传入中国。第六章作为本文的结论部分,进一步分析了《表度说》在我国明末改历中所处的地位和对清代日晷制作的影响。
[Abstract]:The theory of table degree is an important astronomical almanac work introduced to China at the end of Ming Dynasty when the Chinese and Western cultures are connected. This paper mainly introduces the theoretical principle of the Western Gui meter survey and the practical operation steps of using the Gui meter to carry out the actual measurement. It embodies the idea of axiomatic argumentation of western astronomy, especially the rule and rule of measurement of "horizontal table" in the book. The method of making and using the post dial is the first introduced in the late Ming Dynasty. This paper mainly uses the literature textual research method, the comparative analysis method and the comprehensive analysis method. It is divided into the following five parts. The first chapter briefly explains the background of the book, briefly introduces the author, and summarizes and comments on the style and research status of the book. It is convenient to have a whole understanding of the theory of degree of expression. Chapter two introduces the tradition of Chinese Gui meter measurement, which is mainly corresponding to the measured content of the theory of degree of expression, respectively, from the use of the instrument to "measure the altitude of the sun". "determine the direction", "24 solar dials" to calculate and "measure the height of objects" in several aspects. This paper summarizes the characteristics of Gui meter measurement in traditional Chinese astronomy. The third chapter analyzes the theoretical basis of the measurement of the meter. Based on the text, from "the sun moves uniformly around the earth" and "the earth is in the center of the universe". Compared with the sun, the size of the earth is equivalent to a point, "the earth is a sphere", "can be set on the ground, the end of the table are geocentric" five topics are discussed, and combined with Ptolemy, the content of volume I. It is considered that its theoretical basis is the geocentric theory of ancient Greece. Chapter 4th, combined with the calculation method of western astronomy, analyzes the operation principle and procedure of using the Gui meter in the theory of degree of representation. Combined with the theoretical part of the previous part, this paper puts forward the method of western axiomatic system embodied in the book. Chapter 5th discusses the reason why the theory of degree of representation was introduced into China in the end of Ming Dynasty. It was compared with the theory of the plane introduced in the same period, the method of sundials and the meaning of the method of measurement. This paper clarifies some specific problems of the missionaries in the measurement of geographical latitude. This paper holds that the theory of representation is not isolated in the process of propagating the knowledge of astronomy in the West, but is related to other translated works. Chapter 6th is the conclusion part of this paper, which further analyzes the position of "the theory of degree of appearance" in the Chinese calendar of reform in the late Ming Dynasty and its influence on the making of sundials in the Qing Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P19-5

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