卫星光学测量方法与精密定轨研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 22:21

本文选题：CCD图像处理　切入点：中值滤波　出处：《中国科学院研究生院（国家授时中心）》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近20年来，由于空间科学和天文学的发展需求以及观测技术的进步，天体测量的观测精度由几十毫角秒提高到亚毫角秒；天体测量观测的极限星等由11mag、12mag扩展到20mag；观测波段由单一的可见光波段发展到紫外、可见光、红外、射电等多个波段。标识上述发展的里程碑是VLBI技术的成熟、依巴谷星表的发表和CCD观测技术的广泛应用。20世纪80年代末，依巴谷天体测量卫星和哈勃空间望远镜的发射，标志着空间天体测量时代已经到来，2013年12月成功发射的Gaia天体测量卫星更是对天体测量学带来了深远影响。空间天体测量学蓬勃发展的同时，地面天体测量学依然以其空间测量学不可替代的优势在天文学研究中扮演其重要角色。随着新的观测设备、技术的使用和与资料处理方法的不断改进，地面CCD光学观测方面的研究工作得到了显著进展。高精度、高密度空间观测星表更是为观测数据的定位精度提供了很好的保障，使得地面CCD光学观测方面的研究工作得到了更大的发展。本文正是基于现代地面天体测量学海量数据时代的现状，开发研制了自动化CCD图像天体测量软件ADIAS (Automatical CCD Digital ImageAstrometrical Software），将其实际应用于天然卫星和GEO卫星的观测资料处理中，并基于此高精度观测资料进行了海卫一(Triton)的轨道改进及GEO卫星的联合定轨研究。本文主要研究工作如下： 1．自动化CCD图像天体测量软件（ADIAS）的研制（1）提出通过合理设置滤波窗口，将中值滤波技术应用于天文CCD图像处理工作中。该方法被用以滤除宇宙线和椒盐噪声，以及产生平场改正图像，并结合图像增强方法，解决了天体测量工作中错过或者不能实时拍摄平场图像的困难（限于目标定位研究中）。为后期的星象定心算法的实现提供较为干净的图像，大大提高了图像处理的效率；（2）完成了ADIAS软件的研制。深入讨论了该软件设计中的关键技术，，如星象识别算法、星象定心算法、参考星匹配算法等。结合国际通用软件Astrometrica，对综合定位结果进行了比较，并给出了精度评估和分析。 2．天然卫星Triton光学观测及轨道改进（1）基于大靶面高效率CCD，提出采用小口径光学望远镜对较亮天然卫星进行观测的设想，并以Triton为观测目标进行了试验，其观测资料与JPL历表比较的结果充分验证了该设想的可行性。指出更多的小口径光学望远镜在大行星冲日期间实施对天然卫星的光学观测，可很大程度上丰富天然卫星资料；（2）与法国学者G. Dourneau和英国学者D. Harper合作，利用国内外30余年的多种类型的位置资料完成了Triton的轨道改进工作。本次轨道改进工作中，考虑了由于海王星极轴的岁差运动对Triton的影响。新的Triton历表被法国天体测量与天体力学研究所(IMCCE)收录至其网站，作为两个Triton历表之一，向研究者提供历表下载服务；（3）利用新研制的ADIAS软件测量并归算了2007~2009年Triton的1095幅CCD观测图像，将位置资料与Jacobson(2009)和Zhanget al.(2014)两种Triton历表进行比较，其结果表现出相当好的吻合度，观测数据与历表理论数据的O-C值也充分表明了观测资料的高精度。另外，借助于Triton的观测资料，将现有的两种Triton轨道模型及10种大行星历表分别组合作为理论位置，与观测资料进行了比较，给出了比较结果和有益的建议。 3．GEO卫星测角与测距资料联合定轨（1）针对光学测角系统实施观测时，需确定所观测目标预报位置的实际需求，基于TLE文件完成了可视化GEO目标位置预报软件；（2）基于新研制的ADIAS软件重新归算了2010年4月28日~5月1日的光学测角观测资料，并针对同屏多目标图像设计了高效同屏多目标分离与归类算法；（3）利用2010年4月28日~29日光学测角资料，完成了单站测角资料单独定轨，单站测角资料分别与单站、双站、多站测距数据联合定轨，并进行了精度评估和分析。单站光学测角资料与单站测距资料的联合定轨，可以达到优于5米的定轨精度，这将为更加有效的利用转发式测轨站观测数据提供很大帮助。
[Abstract]:In the past 20 years, due to the development needs of space science and Astronomy and observation technology, observation precision astrometry from dozens of milliarcsecond to sub milliarcsecond astrometry; observation of the limiting magnitude by 11mag, 12mag extended to 20mag; observation by a single band of visible light to ultraviolet visible. Light, infrared, radio and other bands. The development is the milepost mark the maturity of VLBI technology, CCD technology and published observations of the Hipparcos catalogue is widely used in.20 century at the end of 80s, the Hipparcos astrometry satellite and Harbert Space Telescope launched, marking the space astrometry era has arrived, Gaia astrometry satellite in December 2013 the launch is to Astrometry has brought profound influence. The rapid development of the science of space astrometry, ground astrometry is still in its space surveying irreplaceable The advantage of playing an important role in the study of astronomy. With the new observation equipment, improve the use of technology and data processing method, the research work on the ground CCD optical observation has been significant progress. High precision, high density spatial observation catalog is to provide a good guarantee for the positioning accuracy of observational data the research work, the ground CCD optical observation on the greater development.
This is the current era of massive data based on modern science ground astrometry, developed automatic CCD image astrometry software ADIAS (Automatical CCD Digital ImageAstrometrical Software), the observation data at its actual application in natural science and GEO satellites, and based on the high resolution data of Triton (Triton) study on the combined orbit determination and orbit improvement of GEO satellite. The main research work are as follows:
Development of 1. automated CCD image astrometry software (ADIAS)
(1) put forward by setting up reasonable filtering window, the median filter technology is applied to astronomical CCD image processing work. The method is used to eliminate cosmic ray and salt and pepper noise, and flat field correction image, and combining with the image enhancement method, to solve the wrong or not real-time shooting flat field image difficult astrometry in (limited to the research on the target location in the image.) provide more clean for the realization of the astrological centering algorithm, which greatly improves the efficiency of image processing;
(2) developed ADIAS software. Discusses the key technology of software design, such as image recognition algorithm, image centering algorithm, reference star matching algorithm. Combined with the software Astrometrica, the positioning results are compared, and gives the accuracy evaluation and analysis.
2. natural satellite Triton optical observation and orbit improvement
(1) a large target surface efficiency based on CCD, using small aperture optical telescope vision for a bright natural satellite, and with Triton as the target of the test, the observation data and JPL ephemeris results fully verify the feasibility of this design. It is pointed out that the small aperture optical telescope more optical observation the natural satellite during large red planet, can greatly enrich natural satellite data;
(2) and French scholar G. and British scholar Dourneau D. Harper cooperation, the use of various types of location information at home and abroad for more than 30 years to complete the Triton orbit improvement work. The improvement of track work, the influence of Neptune the polar axis of the precession of the equinoxes on Triton. The new Triton calendar by French astrometry with the Celestial Mechanics Research Institute (IMCCE) included to its website, as one of the two Triton calendar, calendar download service provided to researchers;
(3) using ADIAS software to measure the new and 1095 pieces of CCD images to 2007~2009: Triton, the position data and Jacobson (2009) and Zhanget al. (2014) two Triton calendar are compared, and the results show good agreement, observational data and theoretical data of the O-C calendar value fully shows the high accuracy of observation data. In addition, the observation data with the help of Triton, the two Triton orbital model and 10 kinds of existing large planetary table are combined as the theoretical position, compared with the observation data, gives a comparison of results and suggestions.
Joint orbit determination of 3.GEO satellite angle measurement and distance measurement data
(1) when observing the optical angle measuring system, we need to confirm the actual demand of the location of the observed target, and complete the visual GEO target location prediction software based on the TLE file.
(2) based on the newly developed ADIAS software, we re calculated the optical angle measurement data in April 28, 2010 ~5 1, and designed an efficient and multi-target separation and classification algorithm for the same screen and multi-target images.
(3) the April 28, 2010 ~29 optical data, complete the single station orbit angular data alone, single station angular data respectively with single station, double station, multi station location data combined orbit determination, and the accuracy of the evaluation and analysis. Combined orbit optical data and single station distance single station. The orbit accuracy can reach less than 5 meters, which will be more effective by forward orbit measuring station observation data to provide a lot of help.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院（国家授时中心）
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P12;P171.3

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