地外有机化合物

发布时间：2018-03-19 05:18

本文选题：有机质　切入点：干酪根　出处：《地学前缘》2014年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：球粒陨石中的有机化合物起源于星际介质,是构成太阳星云的初始组分,并与其他物质一起吸积形成小行星和行星。在小行星内,有机质经历了不同程度的水蚀变和热变质作用。球粒陨石中的有机化合物尽管是非生命成因,但组成极为复杂,主要是类似于干酪根的大分子物质,以及少量可溶性有机物。大部分可溶有机分子也发现于地球生物圈,但前者可具有完全不同的H、C、N等同位素组成,这也是它们来源于地球之外的重要证据。星云中宇宙线和紫外线(UV)的辐射、小行星的热变质和水蚀变,是地外有机质演化的主要过程。球粒陨石中的有机质是地球生命起源的物质基础,是生命起源不可或缺的重要环节。同样重要的是,大量的火星探测表明,火星历史上有过满足生命存在的基本条件,而在火星陨石中还发现了一些生物活动相关的线索。未来很可能首先在火星上发现地外生命存在的证据。
[Abstract]:The organic compounds in the chondrites originated in interstellar media, are the initial components of the solar nebula, and together with other matter accretion to form asteroids and planets. Organic matter has undergone varying degrees of water alteration and thermal metamorphism. Although the organic compounds in chondrites are inanimate, their composition is extremely complex, and they are mainly macromolecular materials similar to kerogen. Most soluble organic molecules have also been found in the Earth's biosphere, but the former may have completely different isotopic compositions such as Hau C ~ (2 +) N, This is also important evidence of their origin outside Earth. Cosmic rays and UV rays in nebulae, thermal metamorphism and water alteration of asteroids, The organic matter in chondrites is the material basis of the origin of life on earth and an indispensable part of the origin of life. Martian history has met the basic conditions for the existence of life, and in the Martian meteorite also found some clues related to biological activities, the future is likely to first find evidence of the existence of extraterrestrial life on Mars.
【作者单位】：中国科学院广州地球化学研究所同位素地球化学国家重点实验室;中国科学院地球与行星物理重点实验室;中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所;中国科学院大学;中国科学院地球化学研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“微陨石撞击模拟及其在‘嫦娥一号’光谱解译中的应用”(401103031)
【分类号】：P148

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