月球辐射基准源地基观测系统的研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 09:16

本文选题：遥感　切入点：赤道仪　出处：《中国科学院研究生院(长春光学精密机械与物理研究所)》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近几十年,空间对地观测得到了长久的发展,遥感已经从早期的探测地球资源的一种手段演变成为一个完整的学科,显示了巨大的社会和经济效益,未来遥感领域一个关于遥感的巨大的国际竞争和空前的国际合作即将形成。月球作为定标源具有很多其它定标源难以比拟的优势:在地球的所有轨道上都可以观测,不受大气影响,杂散光影响降至最低,具有合适的动态范围,可以直接对比同一个实验仪器不同时刻的观测数据和不同实验仪器同一时刻观测所得的数据。当前,国外很多机构已经进行了长时间的在轨对月观测,得到了大量的有效数据,一个较为完整的体系已经基本形成,但其得到的结果并没有对中国开放,而我国相关方向的研究基本为零。因此,开展在轨对月观测具有极其重大的必要性及意义,而开展地基对月观测就是为在轨对月观测奠定基础。开展地基对月观测的基础就是能够实现对月球的长时间连续跟踪,目前,国内外实现对星体跟踪观测普遍采用赤道仪实现,而赤道仪的跟踪模式往往不能满足实验需求,因此,就需要实现对赤道仪控制系统实现二次开发。本论文采用Parament-MX+赤道仪搭载光谱仪实现对月球的长时间连续观测,推算了月球的运动轨迹,得出了每一时刻月球相对观测位置的天顶角和方位角,进而推断出每次旋转赤纬轴、赤经轴的角度。引入了PID控制算法,分析了传统算法的不足,引入了神经网络,设计了基于BP神经网络的PID算法,并进行了仿真。通过运动控制卡实现了对赤道仪的较为精确的控制,使其能够很好地对月球进行长时间连续跟踪,并能以实验要求方式实现转动。进行了大量的外场实验,介绍了实验的操作流程及实验时的注意事项,验证了多次跟踪中月球没有走出探测器视场,并且很好地实现了对月球表面的扫描,验证了跟踪精度完全满足实验需求。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, space Earth observation has been developed for a long time. Remote sensing has evolved from an early means of detecting the earth's resources into a complete discipline, showing great social and economic benefits. A great international competition and unprecedented international cooperation in the field of remote sensing in the future is about to take shape. The Moon as a calibration source has many unparalleled advantages over other calibration sources: observable in all orbits of the Earth. Free from atmospheric influence, stray light is minimized and has a suitable dynamic range. It can directly compare the observation data of the same experimental instrument at different times and the data obtained from different experimental instruments at the same time. Many foreign institutions have conducted long-term on-orbit observations on the moon and obtained a large number of valid data. A relatively complete system has basically been formed, but the results obtained are not open to China. Therefore, it is of great necessity and significance to carry out on-orbit observation on the moon. The ground-to-moon observation is to lay the foundation for on-orbit lunar observation. The foundation of ground-to-moon observation is to realize the continuous tracking of the moon for a long time. At present, the equatorial instrument is widely used to realize the tracking observation of stars at home and abroad. However, the tracking mode of equator instrument often can not meet the need of experiment, so it is necessary to realize the secondary development of the control system of equator instrument. In this paper, the Parament-MX equator spectrometer is used to realize the continuous observation of the moon for a long time. The motion trajectory of the moon is calculated, and the zenith angle and azimuth angle of the moon relative to the observed position at every moment are obtained, and the angles of each rotation of the red latitude axis and the red longitude axis are inferred. The PID control algorithm is introduced, and the shortcomings of the traditional algorithm are analyzed. This paper introduces neural network, designs PID algorithm based on BP neural network, and simulates it. Through the motion control card, the equator instrument is controlled accurately, which makes it able to track the moon continuously for a long time. A large number of external field experiments have been carried out, the operation flow of the experiment and the matters needing attention in the experiment have been introduced, and it has been verified that the lunar probe has not come out of the field of view in the course of multiple tracking. The scanning of the lunar surface is well realized, and the tracking accuracy is verified to meet the requirements of the experiment.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(长春光学精密机械与物理研究所)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P184.5

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