天文测量室内仿真技术研究
发布时间:2018-03-25 18:32
本文选题:天文测量 切入点:室内仿真 出处:《解放军信息工程大学》2011年硕士论文
【摘要】:天文测量是一门对测量观测员的操作稳定性要求非常高的技术,熟练的操作离不开大量的日常训练。然而,目前的天文测量训练模式仍然是在晴朗的夜晚通过观测真实星空来完成,受到天气条件的制约;且一个地点只能观测当地的星空,受到地域条件的限制,严重影响了训练效率和训练效果。为此,本文研究并提出了天文测量室内仿真的方案。围绕这一方案,论文首先研究了等角星图模拟技术,实现了真实星空的模拟,并通过实测分析了模拟星图等角的精度。然后,研究了时间同步技术和系统标定方法,实现了系统时间同步和系统标定,并通过实测数据分析了时间同步和系统标定精度。最后,结合基于Leica TM 5100A电子经纬仪的天文测量系统集成了天文测量室内仿真系统,并通过实测数据分析了天文经纬度和天文方位角测量的精度。实现了在室内全天候、全地域和高效益开展天文测量训练。论文主要的研究工作及研究成果如下: (1)介绍了与天文测量相关的时间系统及其转换关系、坐标系统及其转换关系,阐述了恒星视位置计算步骤及其实用计算方法。 (2)研究并提出了一套全新的天文测量室内仿真方案,可实现在室内全天候、全地域和高效益开展天文测量训练。 (3)实现了计算机内部高精度时间提取,并用于天文测量室内仿真系统的守时。通过串口通讯实现了系统的时间同步。研究了串口时延对时间同步的影响,并分析了时间比对和时间外推精度。 (4)研究并提出了基于地平坐标系的动态等角星图模拟理论与方法,推导了全部计算公式,并编写了动态等角星图模拟软件,实现了任意时刻、任意测站的实时动态等角星图模拟。 (5)改进了圆视场搜索法并用于视场选星,采用改进后的优化算法选星使得显示天区变换时无需重复计算所有恒星视位置,有效地提高了选星速度。 (6)研究并提出了一种标定天文测量室内仿真系统的方法——类后方交会法,通过测量屏幕上五个已知坐标的标志点,同时确定观测仪器的三维位置和液晶屏幕的水平姿态,很好地实现了系统的标定。 (7)通过论文研究,集成了天文测量室内仿真系统,并通过实测数据分析了天文经纬度和天文方位角测量的精度。
[Abstract]:Astronomical measurement is a very high requirement for the operational stability of surveyors, skilled operation can not be separated from a large number of daily training. The current astronomical measurement training model is still completed on a clear night by observing the real star sky, which is restricted by weather conditions. Moreover, a site can only observe the local star sky, which is limited by regional conditions. The training efficiency and training effect are seriously affected. Therefore, this paper studies and puts forward the scheme of indoor simulation of astronomical measurement. Around this scheme, the paper first studies the equal-angle star map simulation technology, and realizes the simulation of real star sky. The accuracy of the simulated star map isobarameters is analyzed by the actual measurement. Then, the time synchronization technology and the system calibration method are studied, and the system time synchronization and system calibration are realized. The time synchronization and calibration accuracy of the system are analyzed through the measured data. Finally, the simulation system of astronomical measurement room is integrated with the astronomical measurement system based on Leica TM5100A electronic theodolite. The accuracy of astronomical longitude, latitude and astronomical azimuth measurement is analyzed through the measured data. The training of astronomical measurement is realized in indoor all-weather, all-region and high-benefit. The main research work and research results are as follows:. 1) the time system and its conversion relation, coordinate system and their transformation relation are introduced, and the calculating steps of star apparent position and its practical calculation method are expounded. 2) A new indoor simulation scheme of astronomical measurement is studied and put forward, which can realize the training of astronomical measurement all day, all region and high benefit. The time synchronization of the system is realized by means of serial communication. The influence of serial port delay on time synchronization is studied. Time comparison and time extrapolation accuracy are analyzed. In this paper, the theory and method of dynamic isometric star map simulation based on horizontal coordinate system are studied and put forward. All the calculation formulas are derived, and the simulation software of dynamic isometric star map is compiled to realize any time. Real-time dynamic isobaric star map simulation for arbitrary stations. (5) the circular field of view search method is improved and used to select stars in the field of view. The improved optimization algorithm is used to select stars so that the apparent positions of all stars need not be calculated repeatedly in the display area transformation, and the speed of star selection is improved effectively. In this paper, a method of calibrating the indoor simulation system of astronomical measurement is studied and put forward. By measuring the mark points of five known coordinates on the screen, the three-dimensional position of the observation instrument and the horizontal attitude of the liquid crystal screen are determined. The calibration of the system is well realized. Through the research of this paper, the simulation system of astronomical measurement room is integrated, and the precision of astronomical longitude, latitude and astronomical azimuth measurement is analyzed by the measured data.
【学位授予单位】:解放军信息工程大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2011
【分类号】:P128.1
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 原玉磊;鱼眼相机恒星法检校技术研究[D];解放军信息工程大学;2012年
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