宇宙线测试平台研制与核碰撞中涨落现象研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 14:50

本文选题：宇宙线 + RPC探测器　；参考：《山西大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：核物理与粒子物理是研究物质基本结构的科学,这种研究是通过实验现象、实验数据、模拟计算和理论模型来对物质之间的相互作用和基本规律进行认识而实现的。实验中,根据不同粒子与物质的相互作用机制,人们设计了各种不同的探测器,研究物质与射线通过相互作用后产生的粒子的能量、动量、运动轨迹、带电的电性等性质,从而揭示物质的基本结构。高能物理界在建造加速器的同时,也建造了复杂的、大型的探测器系统(即谱仪),对粒子打靶和对撞产生的末态粒子进行探测研究。未来新探测器技术的开发以及研究,对于粒子物理学的持续发展具有重大的意义。本文的研究内容主要分为两部分,从第一章到第五章是作者对高能探测器的设计、制作、测量和数据分析的研究,第六章是理论模型方面的研究。第一、二和三章,介绍了宇宙线通用测试平台的研究。第一章是测试平台的设计背景,以及设计方案和原理。第二章主要利用宇宙线和采用有像增强功能的电荷耦合器件(ICCD)相机并行读出定位,测量了时间探测器的时间分辨。实验结果表明,时间探测器可以达到起始时间精度好于200ps,满足通用探测器测试平台的设计要求。第三章研究了测试平台的定位探测器电阻性极板室(RPC)的读出系统,根据实验测量数据,提出使用一个新型读出系统方案：激光器加ICCD读出,并对该方法进行了可行性研究,实验结果表明RPC工作在流光模式下,可以使小激光器发光。本文第四章对新型厚气体电子倍增器(THGEM)进行研究。介绍了THGEM探测器的工作原理,国产化生产的THGEM的结构特点以及制作步骤,重点研究了大面积THGEM (10x10cm2和20×20cm2)的工作性能,介绍了应用情况。本文第五章对CsI (Na)晶体探测Cherenkov光,进而用于粒子鉴别的可行性进行了初步研究。结果表明,CsI (Na)晶体在一定条件下可以探测到粒子的Cherenkov光。本文第六章研究了多源热模型,利用该模型分析了中高能强子-核(hA)及核-核(AA)碰撞中产生的末态核碎片的多重数分布,高能AA碰撞中一些其他整体观测量的逐事例涨落,以及低能重离子反应中轻带电粒子和蒸发余核的能谱。该模型能够很好地描述相关实验数据,这意味着,核碰撞中除了种类繁多的个性特征外,还蕴含着更基本的共性规律。
[Abstract]:Nuclear physics and particle physics are the science of studying the basic structure of matter. This kind of research is realized by means of experimental phenomena, experimental data, simulation calculations and theoretical models to understand the interaction and basic laws of matter.In the experiment, according to the interaction mechanism of different particles and matter, different detectors were designed to study the properties of energy, momentum, trajectory of motion and electrical properties of particles produced by the interaction of matter and ray through the interaction.Thus revealing the basic structure of matter.In addition to the construction of accelerators, the high-energy physics community has also built a complex, large-scale detector system (i.e., spectrometer) to detect and study the final state particles produced by particle targeting and collision.The development and research of new detector technology in the future is of great significance for the sustained development of particle physics.From chapter one to chapter five, the author studies the design, fabrication, measurement and data analysis of high energy detectors. The sixth chapter is the theoretical model.In the first, second and third chapters, the research of universal cosmic ray test platform is introduced.The first chapter is the design background, design scheme and principle of the test platform.In the second chapter, the time resolution of the time detector is measured by using the cosmic ray and the ICCD-camera with image enhancement.The experimental results show that the time detector can achieve a better start time accuracy than 200 ps. it can meet the design requirements of the universal detector test platform.In chapter 3, the readout system of the position detector resistive polar chamber (RPC) is studied. According to the experimental data, a new readout system scheme: laser and ICCD readout is proposed, and the feasibility of the method is studied.The experimental results show that the small laser can be luminescent when RPC works in streamer mode.In chapter 4, a new thick gas electron multiplier, THGEM, is studied.This paper introduces the working principle of THGEM detector, the structure characteristics and fabrication steps of home-made THGEM. The working performance of large area THGEM 10x10cm2 and 20x20cm2) is studied, and its application is introduced.In chapter 5, the feasibility of detecting Cherenkov light by CsI crystal is studied.The results show that the Cherenkov light of the particles can be detected under certain conditions.In the sixth chapter, we study the multi-source heat model, using the model, we analyze the multifold distribution of the final nuclear debris produced in the collisions of the middle and high energy Hadron and nucleus nucleus AAs, and the case by case fluctuations of some other global observations in the high energy AA collisions.And the energy spectrum of light charged particles and evaporative residual nuclei in low energy heavy ion reaction.The model can describe the relevant experimental data well, which means that the nuclear collision contains a more basic general law in addition to a wide variety of individual characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：P111

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