利用布拉维摆测量地球自转的实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 13:47

本文选题：布拉维摆 + 圆锥摆　；参考：《大学物理》2017年11期

【摘要】：地球自转会带来许多非惯性系效应,利用这些效应定量测量地球的自转角速度,是物理学实验研究的一个重要方面,其中,布拉维摆不仅可以定性地体现出地球自转的效应,更是一种精密测定其自转周期的一种方法.深入研究了利用圆锥摆顺时针和逆时针旋转的周期不同测量地球自转角速度的实验,分析了实验中影响测量精度的关键因素并探讨了控制实验误差的方法,最终得到了与标准值偏差2.3%的结果.由于地球自转所导致的顺逆周期的差十分微小,而影响周期测量的因素很多,如何控制其中关键因素的误差就成为实验成功的重要环节.介绍了如何控制实验条件,以及一些重要的误差来源的分析和控制,对于在普通物理实验条件下成功进行地球自转角速度的测量具有借鉴意义.
[Abstract]:The rotation of the earth will bring many non-inertial system effects. The quantitative measurement of the rotation angular velocity of the earth by these effects is an important aspect of the physical experiment. Among them, the Bravey pendulum can not only qualitatively reflect the effect of the earth's rotation, It is also a method of precision measuring its rotation period. In this paper, the experiments of measuring the angular velocity of the earth rotation by using the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation cycles of the conical pendulum are studied in depth. The key factors affecting the measurement accuracy in the experiment are analyzed and the methods to control the experimental errors are discussed. Finally, the deviation from the standard value is 2.3%. Due to the small difference of the peri-inverse period caused by the rotation of the earth, and there are many factors affecting the period measurement, how to control the errors of the key factors becomes an important part of the successful experiment. This paper introduces how to control the experimental conditions and the analysis and control of some important error sources, which can be used for reference in the successful measurement of the angular velocity of the earth's rotation under the general physical experimental conditions.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学物理学系;北京师范大学天文学系;
【分类号】：P183.31

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