东汉空间天球概念及其晷漏表等的天文学意义——兼与托勒玫《至大论》中相关内容比较

发布时间：2018-04-24 14:49

本文选题：东汉《四分历》 + 《至大论》　；参考：《中国科技史杂志》2010年02期

【摘要】：论述了东汉《四分历》前后首次出现的一些球面天文概念,并把它们和古希腊有关概念进行比较;在此基础上,进一步探讨了《后汉书》中晷漏表和黄赤道宿度表的天文学意义,认为东汉时期在测算实践的基础上已经初步尝试并基本建立了一个空间天球模型。关于古代中国的"似黄纬",在托勒玫天文学中可以找到类似的概念。比较了东汉和古希腊对于太阳视赤纬、黄赤道坐标变换、昼夜长度和天体中天等的计算方法和考虑问题出发点的异同,前者比较重视测算实践,而后者则建立在球面三角学的基础上。东汉《四分历》为后世"ki晷漏术"确立了基本模式,在中国天文学史中具有重要地位。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses some spherical astronomical concepts that first appeared before and after the Eastern Han Dynasty, and compares them with the related concepts of ancient Greece. This paper further discusses the astronomical significance of the missing dial table and the yellow equatorial homology table in the Book of the later Han Dynasty. It is considered that a spatial celestial sphere model has been preliminarily tried and established in the Eastern Han Dynasty on the basis of the calculation practice. A similar concept can be found in Tolermeg astronomy about the ancient Chinese "like yellow latitude". This paper compares the difference and similarities of the calculation methods and the starting points of the eastern Han Dynasty and ancient Greece for the solar apparent red latitude, the transformation of the yellow equatorial coordinates, the length of day and night and the sky in the celestial bodies. The former pays more attention to the calculation practice. The latter is based on spherical trigonometry. The Eastern Han Dynasty established the basic pattern for the later "Ki dials" and played an important role in the history of Chinese astronomy.
【作者单位】：东华大学人文学院;内蒙古师范大学科学技术史研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(项目编号:10863001) 内蒙古自然科学基金(20080404MS0111)
【分类号】：P1-09

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