《历法西传》研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 03:03

本文选题：《历法西传》 + 版本　；参考：《东华大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：《历法西传》是由汤若望完成并编入《西洋新法历书》中介绍西方天文学的一卷著作,《历法西传》的主要内容分为两方面,一是介绍西方天文学家的著作摘要和思想观点;二是简要介绍《西洋新法历书》中出现的有关西方传入的历法历源。本文分别分析介绍这两方面的主要内容,详细介绍了《历法西传》中所提及的西方天文学,并对西方传入的历法历源的重点部分进行分析,对提到的天文观测仪器、岁差、社会背景等方面有深入的探究。本文共分为五部分,第一部分是介绍《历法西传》的版本、内容与成书时间。通过文献调查的方法对《历法西传》有关内容和版本问题提出新的观点,认为《历法西传》成书时间分为两个阶段,第一次是1640年左右,第二次是1656年,并详细分析了汤若望两次撰写、增补《历法西传》的种种原因,有助于进一步认识耶稣会传教士在传播西学方面所做的努力,透视人物心态,了解社会背景。第二部分则是介绍《历法西传》中的西方天文学。对中古时期西方天文学详细介绍,分析了各时期的人物及其著作,探究了他们之间的相互联系,发现汤若望提及这些人物的目的,并分析了其特点。第三部分介绍了《历法西传》中提及的中西天文学的观测仪器浑仪、浑盖、日晷三种,汤若望试图通过介绍西方传入的天文测量仪器,表明西历具有科学性和实用性,而此时中国天文仪器在世界属于领先水平,所以汤若望选择性的阐释了他的主要观点。第四部分通过《历法西传》中的内容,分析比较了中西方对岁差的不同理解和各自观点,首先介绍了中国岁差的由来和观点,再与西方岁差理论进行对比分析,得出结论。第五部分从汤若望撰写《历法西传》的意图、汤若望《历法西传》中的天文学观点、中西天文学之争这三个方面进行介绍,进一步探讨分析明清时期天文学的传播与发展。
[Abstract]:The Western Calendar Biography is a volume of books about Western astronomy completed by Tang Ruowang and compiled into the New Calendar of the West. The main contents of the Biography of the Western Calendar are divided into two aspects: the first is to introduce the abstract of the works and ideas of western astronomers; The second is a brief introduction to the Western Calendar. In this paper, the main contents of these two aspects are analyzed, and the western astronomy mentioned in the Western Calendar Biography is introduced in detail. The key parts of the calendar sources introduced by the West are analyzed, and the astronomical observation instruments and precession mentioned above are analyzed. Social background and other aspects of in-depth exploration. This paper is divided into five parts, the first part is to introduce the version, content and time of the book. Through the method of literature investigation, this paper puts forward a new viewpoint on the content and edition of the Western Calendar Biography. It is considered that the time of the completion of the book is divided into two stages, the first time is about 1640, the second time is 1656, the first is about 1640, and the second is about 1656. It also analyzes in detail the reasons for Tang Ruo-wang 's writing twice and adding to the Western Calendar, which is helpful to further understand the efforts made by Jesuit missionaries in spreading western studies, to see through the mentality of the characters and to understand the social background. The second part is the introduction of Western astronomy in Legend of the Calendar. This paper introduces in detail the western astronomy of the Middle Ancient period, analyzes the figures and their works of each period, probes into their mutual relations, finds out that Tang Ruowang mentions the purpose of these figures, and analyzes their characteristics. The third part introduces three kinds of observational instruments of Chinese and western astronomy, such as turbid instrument, turbid cap and sundial, which are mentioned in the Legend of the Western Calendar. Tang Ruowang tries to introduce the astronomical measuring instruments introduced by the West, which shows that the western calendar is scientific and practical. At this time, the Chinese astronomical instrument in the world is the leading level, so Tang Ruowang selectively explained his main point. The fourth part analyzes and compares the different understandings of precession between China and the West and their respective viewpoints through the content of the Legend of the Western Calendar. Firstly, it introduces the origin and viewpoint of precession in China, then compares it with the theory of precession in the West, and draws a conclusion. The fifth part introduces Tang Ruowang's intention of writing the Western Calendar Biography, the astronomical viewpoint in Tang Ruowang's Legend of the Western Calendar and the debate between Chinese and Western astronomy, and further discusses the spread and development of astronomy during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P1-09

【参考文献】