自适应光学系统中SoC应用研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 15:30

本文选题：自适应光学技术 + 自适应光学硬件平台　；参考：《北京化工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着自适应光学技术的不断发展,越来越多的地面天文望远镜需要安装自适应光学系统。通过自适应光学系统对波前扭曲的校正,将极大地提高地面天文望远镜的分辨率,使得天文望远镜可以看得更深更远。在自适应光学系统中,通过高速CCD捕获的图像,实时计算图像特征,得到最终的控制量信息,并通过高压驱动器对变形镜镜面进行实时调整,整个过程必须在1毫秒之内完成。这样,就可以克服大气湍流对波前扭曲的影响。并且,处理过程越快,对波前扭曲的校正效果就越好。因此,对用于光学图像处理和控制变形镜的硬件平台提出了苛刻的要求。自适应光学处理平台,应该满足下面三个要求：1)能实时高效地处理数据；2)有很好的可视化能力,用于显示所捕获的CCD图像和自适应光学系统的实时状态参数；3)有远程更新的能力,用于对该系统进行远程维护。根据上述要求,在自适应光学系统的图像信息处理和变形镜控制硬件平台中,率先使用了Xilinx于2013年量产的Zynq-7000全可编程片上系统(System on Chip, SoC)器件作为系统的核心处理部件,并在其外围搭载了一片高性能大容量的现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)专门用于并行处理复杂的图像信息和计算控制量。根据自适应光学系统可视化的要求,将全球流行的嵌入式操作系统Ubuntu14.10移植到硬件平台中的XC7Z045 SoC器件上,并且通过Qt集成开发环境在该操作系统下开发了应用程序,用于实时显示CCD捕获的图像和自适应光学系统的关键参数。根据这些状态参数信息,算法设计人员就可以对控制策略进行优化,使得自适应光学系统工作在最佳状态。此外,考虑到系统的工作环境,在所设计的硬件平台中,增加了对自适应光学系统处理平台进行远程更新的能力。这样,用户不必到现场就能够实现对系统进行远程维护。论文从自适应光学处理平台的构建、Ubuntu操作系统的移植、SoC应用程序开发、上位机程序开发、系统调试和测试五个方面对整个系统硬件平台的构建和相应的软件程序设计进行了详细说明。该研究提出的自适应光学系统硬件处理平台体系结构和软件设计方法,除了可以应用于已建成和将要兴建的天文望远镜自适应光学系统外,对其它领域自适应光学系统的应用也有借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:With the development of adaptive optics, more and more ground-based astronomical telescopes need to install adaptive optical systems. The correction of wavefront distortion by adaptive optical system will greatly improve the resolution of ground-based astronomical telescopes and enable them to see deeper and farther. In the adaptive optics system, the image captured by high speed CCD is used to calculate the image features in real time, the final control information is obtained, and the deformable mirror surface is adjusted in real time through a high voltage driver. The whole process must be completed within 1 millisecond. In this way, the effect of atmospheric turbulence on wavefront distortion can be overcome. Moreover, the faster the processing process, the better the correction of wavefront distortion. Therefore, the hardware platform for optical image processing and deformable mirror control is demanding. The adaptive optical processing platform, which should meet the following three requirements: 1) can process data efficiently and in real time) has a good visualization capability. The real-time state parameter for displaying captured CCD images and adaptive optical systems has the capability of remote updating for remote maintenance of the system. According to the above requirements, in the image information processing and deformable mirror control hardware platform of the adaptive optics system, the Zynq-7000 system on Chip, SoC) device, which was produced by Xilinx in 2013, was first used as the core processing component of the system. A high performance and large capacity field programmable gate array field Programmable Gate array (FPGA) is designed for parallel processing of complex image information and computational control. According to the requirement of adaptive optics system visualization, the global popular embedded operating system Ubuntu14.10 is transplanted to the XC7Z045 SoC device in the hardware platform, and the application program is developed under this operating system through QT integrated development environment. It is used to display the image captured by CCD and the key parameters of adaptive optical system in real time. According to the state parameter information, the algorithm designer can optimize the control strategy and make the adaptive optical system work in the best state. In addition, considering the working environment of the system, the ability of remote updating of the adaptive optical system processing platform is added to the hardware platform designed. In this way, users do not have to go to the site to achieve remote maintenance of the system. In this paper, we build an adaptive optical processing platform to transplant the Ubuntu operating system into SoC applications and develop host computer programs. The construction of the hardware platform and the corresponding software program design of the whole system are described in detail in five aspects of system debugging and testing. The hardware processing platform architecture and software design method of adaptive optics system proposed in this paper can be applied to the adaptive optics system of astronomical telescopes that have been built and will be built. It can also be used for reference in the application of adaptive optics system in other fields.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TP391.41;TH751

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