天文望远镜远程控制的实现

发布时间：2018-04-30 16:49

本文选题：远程控制 + 步进电机　；参考：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着计算机技术和现代通信技术的飞速发展及Internet/Intranet的广泛应用,互联网已经成为一种覆盖面广并且极其方便的数据传输通道,科研人员和企业工作人员可以通过互联网在任意的时间对任意地点的自动化设备进行远程实时控制和获取需要的资料,并能通过视频看到控制现场的实时情景。本论文中,远程控制的主要设备为科普天文望远镜。我国的天文观测发展处于比较落后的位置,由于观测条件的限制,不能够大规模的进行普及,因此天文观测在很多人的眼里还是高不可攀。而通过远程控制,通过终端进行视频传输,可以使更多的人能够了解天文,走进天文观测,在科普领域开辟一种新型的天文科研和教育模式。天文望远镜远程控制系统由三部分组成:天文望远镜电控系统、远程控制系统、视频图像传输系统。天文望远镜的电控系统由电机、码盘、电控箱、接口卡、计算机、驱动程序等组成。电控箱可独立控制望远镜,完成基本的望远镜电控操作,接收手控盒的操作信号,控制电机按各种速度和方向运动,并从安装在轴系上的码盘获得望远镜的位置,自动处理各种限位和保护,向计算机发送望远镜当前位置、接收计算机的控制信号、在关机和掉电时自动记忆望远镜状态等。与计算机相连后,又具备了实时显示恒星时、自动找星、导星、跟踪校正、可与电子星图连动等复杂功能,使望远镜的可操作性大大提高。由计算机时刻可以计算出给定天体的当前位置,对赤道式装置,是时角和赤纬,对地平式装置,是高度与方位。在主轴或传动链的某一位置加位置反馈装置,计算机根据天体的当前位置与望远镜当前位置的差值,可以确定望远镜运动的方向和速度,驱动望远镜运动到天体所在的位置,这就是自动寻星。对于地球自转产生的移动,通过计算机控制步进电机对坐标不断进行修正。通过建立C/S服务器的方式,实现计算机的远程控制,加装网络摄像机可实现远程视频信号的传送。本论文提出的控制系统,它融合了现场采集控制技术与网络上层通信管理技术,使得在高速局域网里随时都可以对控制对象进行实时控制操作,并且技术上完全可以推广到广域Internet网上,使得一台需要控制的对象能够方便地在全球范围内进行过程控制等操作。本文首先介绍了远程控制技术在现代社会中的现状、国内外天文望远镜在远程控制领域的进展,同时对科普天文望远镜远程控制的前景做了展望。其次从系统集成的角度出发,介绍了天文望远镜远程控制的整体架构,并分单元介绍了各个部分的基本作用,重点介绍电控系统,包括步进电机系统的基本原理、通过AT89C51单片机如何控制步进电机的运转和由于地球自转的影响设计了随动系统。第三介绍了在远程控制中所采用的网络技术,如socket技术等,以及如何实现视频信号的传送。最后介绍了本系统在实际操作过程中的实例和简要的说明。同时本论文对系统架构做了总结,并对工业上的前景做了展望。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of computer technology and modern communication technology and the wide application of Internet / Intranet , the Internet has become a kind of data transmission channel which has wide coverage and is extremely convenient . The researchers and enterprise staff can remotely control and acquire the needed data in real time through the Internet at any time , and can see the real - time scene of the control field through video .

In this paper , the main equipment of remote control is the popular astronomical telescope . The astronomical observation in China is in a relatively backward position . Due to the limitation of observation conditions , it is not possible to popularize it on a large scale , so the astronomical observation is still high in the eyes of many people . By means of remote control , video transmission can be carried out through the terminal , so that more people can know the astronomy and enter the astronomical observation , and open up a new astronomical scientific research and education model in the field of science popularization .

The remote control system of astronomical telescope consists of three parts : astronomical telescope electric control system , remote control system and video image transmission system .

An electric control system of astronomical telescope is composed of motor , code disc , electric control box , interface card , computer , driver , etc . The electric control box can independently control telescope , complete basic telescope electric control operation , receive operation signal of manual control box , control motor to move in various speed and direction .

A position feedback device is arranged at a certain position of the main shaft or the transmission chain , the computer controls the direction and the speed of the movement of the telescope , the computer controls the position of the telescope to move to the position where the celestial body is located , the computer controls the stepping motor to continuously amend the coordinates through the computer control stepping motor , and the remote control of the computer is realized by establishing the C / S server , and the network camera can be installed to realize the transmission of the remote video signal .

The control system of this paper , which combines the field acquisition control technology and the network upper layer communication management technology , makes real - time control operation of the control object at any time in the high - speed local area network , and can be widely applied to the wide - area Internet , so that the object needing to be controlled can conveniently carry out process control and the like in the global scope .

This paper introduces the status quo of remote control technology in modern society , advances in remote control field at home and abroad , and looks forward to the prospect of remote control of astronomical telescope .

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH751

【参考文献】