基于数学形态学的月海圆形撞击坑自动识别方法

发布时间：2018-05-19 00:19

本文选题：撞击坑 + 自动识别　；参考：《中国科学:物理学力学天文学》2013年03期

【摘要】：撞击坑是月球表面最为常见的地质单元,是研究月球地质演化历史的重要对象,也是月球地质定年的基本依据,因此撞击坑识别具有重要意义.本文根据嫦娥一号采集的月球CCD图像,基于数学形态学方法对撞击坑进行自动识别提取研究.在CCD图像中,撞击坑边缘的灰度变化明显,梯度较大,由此可以计算获取撞击坑的边缘形态;一般情况下,依据图像灰度梯度突变,通过边缘检测得到的撞击坑边缘比较粗糙、不连续,而且有断口和小洞.根据数学形态学的基本思想——用具有一定形态的结构元素去量度和提取图像中的对应形状,对识别出来的边缘作进一步处理,可得到较光滑、连续的撞击坑边缘弧,从而能方便地拟合出撞击坑边缘,并获得撞击坑的直径与位置.用数学形态学进行撞击坑识别与提取的主要步骤是:首先对CCD影像计算灰度的梯度,得到梯度图像,然后进行二值化,再使用数学形态学分离出边缘,最后用圆形对撞击坑进行拟合并计算出撞击坑的位置和直径.本文分别对月海和月陆地区进行撞击坑识别实验,结果表明,我们设计的算法能够识别的最小撞击坑直径为10个像素.其中月海区域撞击坑识别准确可靠;而月陆区域岩性差异大、地形起伏,造成CCD图像背景变化较大,其识别效果相对差一些,有待进一步改善.
[Abstract]:Impact crater is the most common geological unit on the surface of the moon. It is an important object for studying the geological evolution history of the moon and a basic basis for geological dating of the moon, so it is of great significance to identify the impact crater. Based on the lunar CCD images collected by Chang 'e-1, this paper studies the automatic recognition and extraction of impact craters based on mathematical morphology. In the CCD image, the grayscale of the crater edge changes obviously and the gradient is large, so the shape of the crater edge can be calculated. In general, according to the image grayscale gradient mutation, the edge of the impact crater detected by edge detection is rough. Discontinuous, and with fractures and small holes. According to the basic idea of mathematical morphology-measuring and extracting the corresponding shapes in the image with certain structural elements, and further processing the recognized edges, the smooth and continuous edge arc of impact crater can be obtained. Thus the edge of the crater can be easily fitted and the diameter and position of the crater can be obtained. The main steps of recognition and extraction of impact crater by mathematical morphology are as follows: first, the gradation gradient of CCD image is calculated, then the gradient image is obtained, then the binary image is obtained, and then the edge is separated by mathematical morphology. Finally, the position and diameter of the impact crater are calculated by using the circular method. In this paper, the impact crater recognition experiments are carried out on the lunar sea and the lunar land, respectively. The results show that the minimum crater diameter of the designed algorithm is 10 pixels. The impact crater recognition in the lunar sea area is accurate and reliable, while the lithologic difference in the lunar land area is large, the topography is undulating, the background of CCD image changes greatly, and the recognition effect is relatively poor, which needs to be further improved.
【作者单位】：中国地质大学(武汉)地球物理与空间信息学院;成都理工大学工程技术学院;
【基金】：国家高技术研究发展计划(编号:2010AA12220102) 国家自然科学基金(批准号:41174049)资助项目
【分类号】：TP391.41;P184.5

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