用于大地天文测量的恒星视位置算法研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 02:29

本文选题：恒星视位置计算 + 大地天文测量　；参考：《西安科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：尽管大地天文测量基本被全球卫星定位测量技术所替代，但在测绘、国防和航空航天领域还发挥着不可替代的作用，诸如天文方位角和垂线偏差测量。大地天文测量数据处理时，需要知道所观测恒星的视位置，并通过恒星的视位置来求解地面点的天文经度、天文纬度以及天文方位角。过去传统的做法是通过查找天文年历的方法得到恒星的视位置，但是这种方法需要携带天文年历，无法快速获知恒星的视位置，又非常不经济，因此需要研究满足大地天文测量的恒星视位置实用算法和适用计算机计算的模型。开发相应的计算恒星视位置的软件，无疑是最有效的途径。本文对恒星视位置的算法进行了具体研究，主要的工作包括：（1）本文介绍了大地天文测量的发展及其应用，以及在大地天文测量中经常使用的坐标系统和时间系统。（2）重点研究了对恒星视位置产生影响的视差改正、光行差改正、岁差和章动改正以及自行改正模型，给出了适合计算机计算的算法。（3）在研究了各种改正模型的基础上，在VS2008开发环境下，使用C++语言，开发出了恒星视位置的计算软件。并使用软件计算恒星的视位置与天文年历进行对比，以验证其精度是否满足要求。（4）最后在所做软件的基础上，分析了软件的不足，，提出了对软件进行改进的方法。
[Abstract]:Although geodetic astronomical surveying is basically replaced by GPS technology, it plays an irreplaceable role in mapping, national defense and aerospace fields, such as astronomical azimuth and vertical deviation measurement. When processing geodetic astronomical data, we need to know the apparent position of the observed star, and solve the astronomical longitude, astronomical latitude and astronomical azimuth of the ground point by the apparent position of the star. In the past, the traditional method was to find out the apparent position of a star by looking up the almanac, but this method needed to carry an almanac, it was impossible to quickly determine the apparent position of the star, and it was very uneconomical. Therefore, it is necessary to study the practical algorithm of star apparent position and the model of computer calculation which can satisfy geodetic astronomical survey. Developing corresponding software to calculate star apparent position is undoubtedly the most effective way. In this paper, the algorithm of star apparent position is studied in detail. The main work includes: This paper introduces the development and application of geodetic astronomical survey and the coordinate system and time system which are often used in geodetic astronomical survey. 2) the parallax correction, optical line correction, precession and nutation correction and self-correction model which affect the apparent position of the star are studied emphatically, and the algorithms suitable for computer calculation are given. Based on the study of various correction models, a software for calculating the apparent position of stars is developed by using C language in the VS2008 development environment. The software is used to calculate the apparent position of stars and the astronomical calendar to verify whether the accuracy meets the requirements. Finally, on the basis of the software, the deficiency of the software is analyzed, and the method to improve the software is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P128.1

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