基于自然天体的快速定向理论及技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 11:31

本文选题：快速定向 + 自然天体　；参考：《解放军信息工程大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对快速定向这一热点问题，，论文开展了基于自然天体的快速定向理论及技术研究。论文的主要工作如下： (1)详细比较了陀螺经纬仪定向、GPS定向、地磁定向以及天文定向，分析并指出了目前天文定向技术遇到的挑战和需要突破的瓶颈。 (2)研究了任意星定向中的单恒星识别技术，通过实际观测实验证明该项技术具有较高的识别成功率，成功实现了任意星定向并取得了较高精度的定向结果。 (3)提出并实现了利用特征星进行快速定向，建立了特征星星库，研究了最佳选星策略，从而使定向精度得到大幅提高。 (4)提出了利用行星进行快速定向。筛选了太阳系内适合天文定向观测的行星，针对视半径较大的木星和土星，比较了前后沿法和中心法的优劣，并给出了观测建议；分析了对金星、火星、木星和土星的实测数据，指出利用行星进行快速定向具有较高的应用价值。 (5)提出了利用月球进行快速定向。提出了月球视面中心拟合算法，推导了全部的计算公式，并通过实际观测实验验证了该算法的可靠性，突破性地解决了月面中心的确定问题，并成功实现了测月快速定向。 (6)提出了一种新的测日定向方法——拟合法，通过实际观测实验确定了对太阳边沿的最佳采样次数；设计实验比较了拟合法和前后沿法的优劣，并给出了观测建议；提出了一种改进的测日定向方法，有效削弱了主要误差源对定向的影响。 (7)基于论文的研究成果，研制出了一套快速天文定向系统软件。通过实际观测获取了该系统的总体技战术指标，并将该系统与目前使用较多的下架式陀螺经纬仪进行了比较，指出了各自的优缺点。通过论文的研究，在最大程度上降低了天气状况对天文定向的影响，极大地弥补了夜晚天文测量只能依靠北极星进行定向的不足，达到了天空中只要有可见的自然天体即可实现快速定向的目标。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the hot issue of fast orientation, the theory and technology of fast orientation based on natural objects are studied in this paper. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the GPS orientation, geomagnetic orientation and astronomical orientation of gyrotheodolite are compared in detail. This paper analyzes and points out the challenges and bottlenecks of the current astronomical orientation technology. (2) the single star recognition technique in arbitrary star orientation is studied. The practical observation results show that the technique has a high success rate. In this paper, the arbitrary star orientation is successfully realized and a high precision orientation result is obtained. (3) A fast orientation based on the feature star is proposed and realized, and the feature star database is established, and the optimal star selection strategy is studied. Therefore, the precision of orientation is greatly improved. In this paper, the planets suitable for astronomical directional observation in the solar system are selected. For Jupiter and Saturn with larger apparent radius, the advantages and disadvantages of the front and rear edge method and the central method are compared, and the observation suggestions are given, and the Venus and Mars are analyzed. The observational data of Jupiter and Saturn point out that the use of planets for rapid orientation is of great practical value. In this paper, an algorithm for fitting the center of the lunar visual plane is proposed, and all the calculation formulas are derived. The reliability of the algorithm is verified by practical observation experiments, and the problem of determining the center of the lunar plane is solved by a breakthrough. And successfully realized the rapid orientation of the moon. (6) A new method of sun-orientation, the fitting method, was put forward, the optimum sampling times of the solar edge were determined by the actual observation experiment, and the advantages and disadvantages of the fitting method and the front and rear edge method were compared by the design experiment. Some observations are given, and an improved method is proposed, which effectively weakens the influence of the main error sources on the orientation. (7) based on the research results of the paper, a set of software for a fast astronomical orientation system is developed. The overall technical and tactical indexes of the system are obtained through practical observation. The system is compared with the gyrotheodolite, which is used more frequently at present, and their advantages and disadvantages are pointed out. The influence of weather condition on astronomical orientation is reduced to the greatest extent, which makes up for the deficiency that the astronomical measurement can only depend on the North Star to orientate at night, and the goal of fast orientation can be achieved as long as there are visible natural objects in the sky.
【学位授予单位】：解放军信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：P12

【引证文献】