朱文鑫《天文学小史》研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 13:18

本文选题：朱文鑫 + 《天文学小史》　；参考：《东华大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为二十世纪初期中国人探索世界天文学发展历史的筚路蓝缕之作,朱文鑫的《天文学小史》具有重大的开拓意义,它一方面填补了中国人撰写世界天文学史的空白,另一方面也充实了在世界天文学史视域下的中国天文学史的研究和探索。朱文鑫先生在《天文学小史》中不仅系统地梳理了包括中国在内的世界天文学史的发展脉络,更为重要的是,他运用现代的天文学理论知识和研究方法对零散的中国天象资料进行考证和整理,去伪存真,梳其条理,分其线索,使其摆脱封建迷信的桎梏,重绽科学求实的光芒,为后来学者的天文学史研究工作提供了范本。本文对朱文鑫的天文学著作《天文学小史》主要做了以下工作： 1.简要介绍了《天文学小史》的成书始末,并对该书的版本、结构、成书目的、特点、意义进行了整理和评述,以便对《天文学小史》有一个更为宏观的了解,了解此书在当时的重要意义。 2.对朱文鑫《天文学小史》中的天象整理工作进行梳理,重点指出他所作的创新工作：对《甘石星经》记录的辨析、对二十八宿起源的考证、系统介绍“假天”的制作、交食周的整理和比较。 3.在梳理朱文鑫对古代历法叙述思路的基础上,重点整理他对几部重要历法的研究工作,朱文鑫详细分析了《三统历》和《太初历》的日法、统法和元法的差异,认为它们关于冬至点的位置变化反映了岁差理论,而后人在他的基础上获得了新的成果。朱文鑫注意到演纪上元的重要地位,提出它关乎整个中国历法史,为后人进一步研究历法奠定了的基础。 4.提出朱文鑫首先注意到中国古代宣夜说的价值与积极意义,提出朱文鑫首次探讨了水运浑天仪开钟表之原理的重要发现,而这两点都被当今学术界当作是李约瑟的发现与贡献。 5.本文注意到朱文鑫在《天文学小史》中对几次中西科学的历史交叉点及其出路迥异的关注,试图厘清朱文鑫翻译介绍西方天文学时的重点,得出朱文鑫对中国天文学中道没落的反思,认为朱文鑫早在“李约瑟难题”之前就已经意识到这一问题,并尝试做过解答。 6.在阅读原著的基础上,整理出朱文鑫在《天文学小史》中对中国天文学起源的独立思考,理清他所表达的“新人文主义”的天文学史观。最后,通过朱文鑫包括民国时期诸多学者的研究成果没有被很好地推广传播的问题,从“文化自觉”的视角探讨中国文明的话语权。全文大致分为四个部分：一是对《天文学小史》成书背景的介绍,二是对《天文学小史》中国古代天文学部分的介绍,三是对朱文鑫翻译西方天文学成果的介绍,四是关于《天文学小史》引发的思考。本文是目前第一次对《天文学小史》一书全面详尽的研究,也有许多新的发现。
[Abstract]:As a pioneering work of the Chinese people in the early 20th century to explore the history of the development of world astronomy, Zhu Wenxin's "A small History of Astronomy" is of great pioneering significance. On the one hand, it fills the gap in the Chinese writing the history of world astronomy. On the other hand, it enriches the research and exploration of the history of Chinese astronomy from the perspective of the world history of astronomy. Mr. Zhu Wenxin not only systematically combed the development of the history of astronomy in the world, including China, but also, more importantly, in "A small History of Astronomy". He used modern astronomical theoretical knowledge and research methods to study and collate scattered Chinese celestial data, eliminate false facts, comb their order, divide their clues, free them from the shackles of feudal superstition, and rejoin the rays of science and truth. It provides a model for later scholars to study the history of astronomy. In this paper, Zhu Wenxin's astronomical work, A small History of Astronomy, has been studied as follows: 1. This paper briefly introduces the beginning and end of the book of the small History of Astronomy, and arranges and comments on the edition, structure, purpose, characteristics and significance of the book, in order to have a more general understanding of the History of Astronomy. Understand the significance of the book at the time. 2. This paper combs the work of sorting out the celestial phenomena in Zhu Wenxin's "A small History of Astronomy", and points out emphatically his innovative work: discriminating and analyzing the records of "calamine Star Classic", systematically introducing the making of "false Heaven" for the textual research of the origin of 28 suns. Tidying and comparison of food weeks. 3. On the basis of combing Zhu Wenxin's narrative ideas on ancient calendars, and focusing on his research work on several important calendars, Zhu Wenxin analyzed in detail the differences between the Japanese method, the unified method and the Yuan method of the "three unified calendars" and the "Taichu calendar". It is considered that their position changes on the Winter Solstice point reflect the precession theory, and on the basis of this theory, new results are obtained. Zhu Wenxin noticed the important position of acting Ji Shangyuan, and put forward that it related to the whole Chinese calendar history, which laid the foundation for future generations to further study calendar. 4. Zhu Wenxin first paid attention to the value and positive significance of the theory of Xuanyue in ancient China, and put forward that Zhu Wenxin had for the first time discussed the important discovery of the principle of the water transport muddy sky instrument for opening clocks and watches. Both of these are regarded as Needham's discoveries and contributions by today's academia. 5. 5. This paper notes Zhu Wenxin's attention to several historical intersections of Chinese and Western science and their different ways in "A small History of Astronomy", and tries to clarify the key points of Zhu Wanxin's translation and introduction of Western astronomy. Zhu Wenxin's reflection on the decline of Chinese astronomy suggests that Zhu Wanxin was aware of the problem long before the Needham problem and tried to answer it. 6. On the basis of reading the original works, Zhu Wenxin's independent thinking on the origin of Chinese astronomy in A small History of Astronomy is arranged, and his view of astronomy history of "New Humanism" is clarified. Finally, through the research results of Zhu Wenxin, including many scholars in the period of the Republic of China, which have not been well popularized and disseminated, this paper discusses the discourse right of Chinese civilization from the perspective of "cultural consciousness". The full text is roughly divided into four parts: first, an introduction to the background of the book "A small History of Astronomy"; (2) an introduction to the "small History of Astronomy" in ancient China; and (3) an introduction to Zhu Wenxin's translation of Western astronomical achievements. The fourth is about the thinking caused by the small History of Astronomy. This paper is the first comprehensive and detailed study of the book A small History of Astronomy, and many new discoveries have been made.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P1-092

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