世界最早的天文观象台——陶寺观象台及其可能的观测年代

发布时间：2018-06-21 07:29

本文选题：考古天文学 + 陶寺　；参考：《自然科学史研究》2010年03期

【摘要】：2005年在山西襄汾陶寺镇发现了世界上最早的天文观象台遗址——陶寺观象台,它呈扇形结构,主要由1个观测点和东侧的12条观测缝组成。为考察其作为古观象台的必要条件,借鉴现代实测方式,采用计算机系统对其在BC 3000—BC 1000年间作日切山顶的模拟观测,结论是该观象台可能的观测年代应早于BC 1500年,且最佳观测年份为BC 1956年,12条缝能观测21次,平均每缝的观测误差为0°.11,最大误差0°.7。观测日期与邻近节气的平均误差为4.5日。指出:观象台的观象目的可能是对陶寺文化中特定的时节(也许是处于萌芽状的节气)进行观测,亦或用以提供进行祭祀等重要活动的时刻。但由于该遗址的地表部分不存,已知信息有限,故难作准确推论。
[Abstract]:In 2005, the earliest astronomical observation platform in the world, the Taosi Observatory, was discovered in Xiangfen, Shanxi Province. It has a sector structure and is mainly composed of one observation point and 12 observation joints on the east side. In order to investigate its necessary condition as an ancient observation station, a computer system was used to make a simulation observation of the day cutting peak between BC3000-BC1000 by using the modern measurement method. The conclusion is that the possible observation age of the observation station should be earlier than that of BC 1500. The best observation year is BC 1956. The observed energy of 12 cracks is 21 times, the average error of each slot is 0 掳.11, and the maximum error is 0 掳.7. The average error between the observed date and adjacent solar terms is 4.5 days. It is pointed out that the purpose of the observation platform may be to observe the specific time (perhaps in the budding solar terms) of the Taoist temple culture or to provide important activities such as sacrifice. However, it is difficult to infer accurately because the surface part of the site does not exist and the known information is limited.
【作者单位】：中国科学院国家天文台;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(项目批准号:10973022)
【分类号】：P112

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